90 EXPERIMENT STATION EECORD. 



Agricultural cooperation in Boumania {Census and Statis. Mo. [Canada], 

 3 (1910), No. 28, pp. 228, 229). — An account is given of the rapid development 

 of agricultural cooperation in Roumania from 1902 to 1909, particularly of 

 agricultural mutual credit banks and peasant associations for the cultivation of 

 farms in common. 



On September 1, 1902, the banks numbered 700, with 59,845 members and a 

 paid-up capital of $820,366; while on December 31, 1908, the number had in- 

 creased to 2,410, with 346,707 members and a paid-up capital of $7,305,416. The 

 deposits, which were $469,205 in July, 1904, had increased to $1,188,638 at the 

 close of 1908. 



Similar progress is noted for the peasant associatious cultivating farms in 

 common. On June 30, 1909, they numbered 229, with 25.000 members farming 

 cooperatively 405,250 acres and paying annual rents amounting to $892,239. 

 These associations, with skilled agriculturists at their head, will, it is believed, 

 become veritable schools of agriculture through which the Roumanian peasantry 

 will learn to cultivate better and more economically, obtaining at the same time 

 a more abundant yield. 



[Land tenure and agriculture in Australia], G. H. Knibbs {Off. Yearhook 

 Aust., 3 {1901-1909). pp. 245-^83. dfjnis. 6').— Detailed accounts with statistical 

 data for the years 1860 to 1908 are given of the laud system, agriculture, for- 

 estry, and fisheries in Australia, including data on land legislation, forms of 

 land tenure, land settlement, government resumption of alienated lands, classifi- 

 cation and number of holdings, pastoral and agricultural production, agricul- 

 tural colleges and experimental farms, government loans to farmers, farm- 

 yard and dairy production, forests, forest reserves, and forestry industries and 

 production, commercial fisheries, and the export trade in the different products 

 mentioned. 



South Africa as the future emigration place for the masses, F. Gessert 

 {Deut. Kolon. Ztg.. 21 {1910), No. 33, pp. 5-',7, 548. fig. ^).— The advantages 

 which South Africa offers to emigrants desirous of engaging in agricultural pur- 

 suits are briefly discussed in this article. 



Agricultural societies and rural welfare, Salm {Dent. Landw. Presse, 37 

 {1910), Nos. 40, pp. 431, Jf32; 42, p. 457). — The author means by rural welfare 

 all those measures which aim to improve the economic, physical, moral, and 

 educational life of the agiicultural population. This article shows the ways in 

 which agricultural cooperative societies can bring about improvement, particular 

 stress being laid on the education of members in general knowledge and in the 

 technique of agriculture by means of night and winter schools, establishing cir- 

 culating libraries of readable agricultural literature, furnishing aid in cases 

 of sickness or death, giving premiums to farm domestics when a certain sum 

 has been saved, and other economic and educational features which tend to 

 raise the farm laborer to a condition of independent initiative. 



The cultivation of idle city land, J. H. Dix {Twentieth Cent. Mag., 2 {1910), 

 No. 12, pp. 483-492, figs. 8). — An account of vacant lot gardening in various 

 cities, particularly in Philadelphia, its economic and social benefits, and its 

 effectiveness in preparing city workers for more extended agricultui'al labor. 



Agricultural graphics: United States and world crops and live stock, 

 M. Smith {U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Statis. Bui. 78, pp. 67, charts 88).— This bul- 

 letin shows " graphically the production of the principal crops and the number 

 of live stock in the United States, by States, in the decades 1899-1908 and 

 1869-1878, and like data for the principal countries of the world in specified 

 periods. Graphic representations are also included for the United States of 

 other crops in various years, of ixipulatiou engagetl in agricultural pursuits 



