50 EXPERIMENT STATION RECOED. 



istics and probable causes of a disease of the grape, in which the main and 

 constant distinctive feature is a stiff, upright position of tlie shoots in place of 

 the usual flexible drooping growth. Accompanying this are several other more 

 or less constant characteristics, such as the failure of the blooms to set fruit, a 

 dwarfed growth of the stocks, leaves with yellowish pocket-like siwts, or with 

 brown, brittle, dead spots, or an affection of the entire leaf in this manner, 

 abnormally short upper internodes with the leaves small and thickly clustered, 

 a strong gi-owth of young shoots from the axillary buds, a repeated branching 

 of the shoots, and the formation of gall-like excrescences on the stocks while no 

 leaves or only curled ones are present. An examination of the inflorescence on 

 diseased plants showed that in place of perfect flowers there were many stami- 

 nate and so-called intermediate flowers present. 



The disease seems to be due to climatic conditions, such as wet summers and 

 hot dry autumns, followed by dry, moderately cold, but prolonged winters. 



Grape-spraying experiraents in Michig'an in 1909, L. A. Hawkins (U. S. 

 Dept. Agr., Bur. Plant Indus. Circ. 65, pp. 15. pis. 3). — This is a report on spray- 

 ing experiments conducted in the same general way as in previous years (E. S. 

 R., 22, pp. 50, 247), in which the comparative value in controlling the black rot 

 (GuignarclM bidwelUi) was tested for the following sprays: (1) Bordeaux 

 mixtures, 4 : 4 : 50, 4 : 3 : 50, 4 : 2 : 50, and 3 : 2 : 50 ; (2) neutral copper acetate, 

 1:50; (3) ammoniacal copper carbonate, 6 : 3 : 50 ; (4) self-boiled lime sulphur, 

 10:10:50; and (5) commercial lime-sulphur solution, 1:75. Resin-flsh-oil soap 

 and iron sulphate were also added to the 4 : 3 : 50 Bordeaux mixture as ad- 

 hesives in some of the trials. 



Although the season was a favorable one for the black rot it was demon- 

 strated that the disease can be controlled by proper methods of spraying and 

 cultivation, even in such seasons. In vineyards where the fungus had been 

 thoroughly established and very destructive, there was a difference of 86.4 

 per cent between the amount of rot on the unsprayed check and the best sprayed 

 plat, while in the vineyards which had been thoroughly sprayed the previous 

 year, practically no loss occurred from black rot on the portions sprayed with 

 Bordeaux mixture; on the check plat, however, the loss was 39.8 per cent. 



The best fungicide used was 4 : 3 : 50 Bordeaux mixture. The 3 : 2 : 50 

 Bordeaux mixture may prove as efficient, but should be tested more thoroughly. 

 Of the two nonstaining compounds, neutral copper acetate and ammoniacal 

 copper carbonate, the former proved to be the better fungicide, but seriously 

 injured the foliage when used throughout the season, although it seemed to 

 have no ill effects when used only as a final application. The two lime-sulphur 

 compounds used proved unsuitable as fungicides for grapes, as neither con- 

 trolled the rot as well as the Bordeaux mixture, while the commercial lime- 

 sulphur spray was very injurious to the vines. The resin-flsh-oil soap proved 

 to be a better sticker than the iron sulphate, and when used in the last applica- 

 tion at the rate of 2 lbs. soap to 50 gal. of the mixture, seemed to be as effective 

 as when used in all the sprayings. 



It is concluded that the disease can be controlled with 5 thorough applications 

 of 4 : 3 : 50 Bordeaux mixture, soap being used in the flnal application. 



The fig'ht against the grape mildew, A. Cadoret (Prog. Agi: et Tit. (Ed. 

 VEst-Centre), 31 {1910). No. 31, pp. 137, 138).— The author claims that during 

 the past 6 years an outbreak of the grape mildew has always been preceded 

 from 13 to 15 days by attacks of mildew {Glceosporium nervisequum.) on the 

 sycamore. If the sycamores suffer from only one attack, the grapes may or 

 may not have the grape mildew, but if the sycamores have two attacks an 

 outbreak of grape mildew is certain. When the sycamores have three sue- 



