258 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



pecan, and hickory, with doubtful records on dogwood and Prunus americana. 

 Its injury to the pecan occurs in early spring through feeding on buds and 

 unfolding leaves. Technical descriptions of its several stages are presented. 



The moths emerge from the pupae during May and June and at that time 

 may be found among the pecan trees. The larvae hatch out in July, mine the 

 leaves of the host plant, and after feeding there for some time cut out the 2 

 skins of the mine and construct the cases within which they live during the 

 fall and winter. After the cases are made the larvae feed upon the leaves by 

 eating through the lower epidermis and tunnelling out the interior of the leaf 

 in all directions. When the mine becomes so large that to mine further the 

 larvae would have to leave their cases, they move and begin a new mine, so 

 that the leaves become full of irregular rectangular patches of brown with a 

 small round hole in the center on the underside. In October, before the leaves 

 fall, these larvae move from the leaves to the twigs or to the trunk, where 

 they get behind the bark, and between the bud and the twig. Here they fasten 

 the cases to the support and hibernate. 



Upon becoming active in the spring, the larvae commence to feed, often before 

 the leaves have developed. In such cases each larva eats a minute round hole 

 into a bud and feeds as long as it can reach food without leaving its small 

 case. When this becomes impossible the larva changes position and attacks 

 the bud in a new place, so that infested buds are often found with 4 or 5 

 holes in the sides. Under such treatment the buds are killed or the tiny 

 leaves start and are killed, and turning brown drop off. Often the larvae 

 attack the young tender leaves and mine out rectangular blotches in them. 

 About the first week in April these larvae outgrow their winter cases, construct 

 larger ones, move to the edge of the leaf and mine between the 2 skins. During 

 May most of the larvae become mature and then either fasten the case 

 tightly to the leaves and pupate or move to twigs, branches, or bits of bark 

 on the trunk of the tree and fasten the cases there. After remaining quiet 

 for a number of days the pupae are formed. As far as observed, this insect 

 has only one brood during the year, the larvae hibernating when only partially 

 grovm. 



It is thought that this insect can be controlled by spraying the trees with 

 arsenate of lead at the rate of 3 lbs. to 50 gals, of water when the buds 

 are swelling. When the larvae attack the foliage, this should be similarly 

 sprayed. 



The bibliographical list given consists of 8 references. 



The moths of the British Isles, R. South (London and New York, 1D07, 8er. 



1, pp. VI +343, j)Js. J 59, figs. 23; J 908, Ser. 2, pp. VI +376, pis. 159, flys. 20).— 

 The first of these two volumes takes up the families Sphingidae and Noctuidse 

 and the second the families Noctuidae and Hepialidae. Colored figures are given 

 of every species and many varieties, also drawings of eggs, caterpillars, chrysa- 

 lids, and food plants. 



More than 2,000 moth species are known to occur in these islands. " The 

 majority assume the moth condition but once in the year, but some species have 



2, or even 3, generations in the 12 months, while others occupy 24 months in 

 completing the life cycle. In one or two species the chrysalis stage may last 

 4, 5, or even 6 years." 



The type species of the North American genera of Diptera, D. W. Coqtjil- 

 LETT (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 37 (1910), pp. 499-622) .—This paper embodies 

 work extending over a period of several years. The rules adopted by the Inter- 

 national Zoological Congress, as amended at the 1907 (Boston) meeting and 



