ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY. 



261 



The percentages of fruit free from codling-motli and plum-cureulio injury on 

 the several plats from the several localities are summarized in the following 

 table : 



Percentages of fruit free from injury by the codling moth and plum curculio on one-spray, 

 demonstration, and unsprayed plats. 



The comparative effect of the treatments on the point of entrance of the fruit by th^ 

 codling-moth larvae during the entire season is shown in the following table: 



Percentages of larvse entering fruit at the calyx, side, and stem, respectively, first and second 

 broods of the codling moth combined. 



The following general conclusions are drawn : 



" It appears that very satisfactory results may be obtained by the one-spray 

 method, in so far as the control of the codling moth and plum curculio is con- 

 cerned, although further experimentation will be necessary before final conclu- 

 sions can be reached. Sight must not be lost, however, of the fact of the 

 necessity, under eastern conditions, of making applications of Bordeaux mixture 

 or other fungicide for the control of fungus diseases ; so that in effect the one- 

 spray method under present practices can not be recommended to orchardists 

 in regions where fungus troubles, such as apple scab, apple fruit blotch, bitter 

 rot, and leaf-spot affections require treatment. The results, however, show the 

 great importance of very thorough spraying to fill the calyx cups with poison. 

 Although the importance of accomplishing this has long been recognized by 

 entomologists and fruit growers, it would appear that this work has not been 

 done with sufficient thoroughness in the past, and eastern apple growers could 

 certainly with great profit give more attention to thoroughness in the first spray- 

 ing for the codling moth, immediately after the falling of the petals. The 

 russetiug of the fruit following such drenching applications of Bordeaux mix- 

 ture, in which the arsenical has been generally applied, may doubtless be 

 avoided by the substitution as a fungicide of dilute or self-boiled lime-sulphur 

 wash." 



