ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY — ENTOMOLOGY. 355 



character. An outbreak similar to that which occurred in the spring of 1908 

 has not been known before in the grain growing districts of the Colony. 



The hackberry psylla, Pachypsylla celtidis-mamnise. — A study in com- 

 parative morphology, H. B. Stough (Eanft. Univ. 8ci. Bui., 5 {1910), No. 9, 

 pp. 121-165, pis. 9, figs. 3). — In this paper the author reports studies of the 

 comparative morphology of the mouth parts, thorax, and genitalia, and of the 

 development of wing venation and wing pattern. A bibliography of 37 titles is 

 appended. 



White-fly control, E. W. Bergeb (Florida Sta. Bui. 103, pp. 5-28, figs. 2).— 

 The essential facts concerning white-fly control through the use of fungi and by 

 spraying are here brought together in brief form. 



Experiments on the artificial spreading of fungi show that there are definite 

 advantages to be gained. It has been found that the yellow fungus thrives only 

 on Aleyrodes nuMfera. White-fly pupse appear to be more or less immune to 

 fungus attacks. 



The operations and experiments of the past year indicate clearly that effective 

 spraying can be done. " Temperature, as well as stage of development, is ap- 

 parently a factor in successful spraying, since we would expect the solutions to 

 be more penetrating when several degrees warmer. Thus only 91.3 per cent of 

 the stages 1 to 3, and 30 per cent of the fourth stage, were killed with Golddust 

 with an initial temperature of 88° and a mean for 7 days of 74.5° ; while 99.5 

 per cent of the stages 2 and 3, and 89 per cent of the fourth and fifth stages 

 were killed when the initial temperature was 99° and the mean for 7 days, 80.8°. 

 The results of June 15 to 17 . . . on fourth-stage larvae with the soap solutions 

 were excellent, with an initial temperature of 98° and a mean of 83.1°." 

 Directions are given for winter treatment, spring, summer, and fall spraying, 

 etc. It is stated that the freezing destroys directly but few, if any, of the larvje 

 on leaves that remain uninjured. 



The food plants of A. citri are listed, and it is recommended that the cape 

 jasmine, chinaberry, umbrella trees, prickly ash, privets, wild olive, trifoliate 

 orange {Citrus trifoliata) and all useless and abandoned citrus be condemned 

 and destroyed in all citrus-growing communities. 



A mealy bug injurious to the lebbek trees of Cairo, F. C. Willcocks {BuJ. 

 Ent. Research, 1 {1910), No. 2, pp. 121-1^1, pi. 1, figs. 10).— The mealy bug con- 

 cerned, which is described by the author and by R. Newstead in an appendix 

 as Dactylopius perniciosus, may destroy the crown if not the entire tree in the 

 short space of a few months. " In addition to the lebbek {Albizzia Ichhelc) and 

 cotton {Gossypium spp.), D. perniciosus has been found on Christ's Thorn 

 {Zizyphus spina-christi) and on the Sunt Tree {Acacia arahica) .'" 



Nomenclature of scale insects, H. A. Ballou {West Indian Bui., 11 {1910), 

 No. 1, pp. 35-38). — The names of 46 species of the better known West Indian 

 scale insects are presented in 3 columns, the first containing the old scientific 

 names, the second the new scientific names, and the third the common names. 



Notes on lime cultivation, H. A. Ballou {West Indian BuL, 11 {I9t0), No. 1, 

 pp. 39-1/9). — "The results obtained from the cultivation plats in Montserrat 

 over a period of 3 years indicate that clean cultivation and frequent tillage pro- 

 duce vigorous growth, and heavy early bearing. This, however, is offset by the 

 severe attacks of scale insects. The other plats are much alike in the condition 

 of the trees, and in the yields. The effect indicated by plat 2, that clean culti- 

 vation is followed by attacks of scales, seems to be confirmed by the condition 

 of the spineless limes at the Botanic Station, and of the abandoned trees at 

 Richmond. . . . The scale insects concerned in the injury to the lime trees in 

 Montserrat at present are the purple scale { Mytila spis citricola), the white scale 

 {Chionaspis citri), and the green scale {Lccaiiium viride)." 

 81088°— No. 4—11 5 



