VETERINARY MEDICINE. 385 



" While the book is primarily intended for Aeteriuary students and practi- 

 tioners, it is hoped that it will also be of use to the medical student who wishes 

 to give attention to the comparative bacteriology of man and the domestic ani- 

 mals. It may also find a place in the curriculum of agricultural colleges where 

 bacteriology is becoming more and more taken up. and where it is also espe- 

 ciall5^ studied with reference to veterinary science and to certain fermentative 

 processes in the soil, and in milk and milk products, as butter, cheese, etc. 

 Micro-organisms in relation to such processes have, therefore, been fully 

 considered." 



The author believes it is of great advantage to the student to have after each 

 chapter a number of questions covering the subject treated and has included 

 such. 



Pathogenic micro-organisms, including bacteria and protozoa, W. H. Park 

 and Anna W. Williams {Isictv York and Philadelphia, 1910, Jf. ed., rev. and enl., 

 l)p. VIII+670, pis. 8, figs. 196). — An enlarged and thoroughly revised edition of 

 this work (E. S. R., 21, p. 579). 



The disease-producing bacteria, M. Loehlein (Die Erankheiterregenden 

 Bakterien. Leipsic, 1910, pp. YI+120, figs. 33). — This deals with the origin, 

 treatment, and preventive measures of the bacterial diseases of man. 



Standardization of bacterins, R. T. Pettit (Jour. Ainer. Med. Assoc, 55 

 (1910), No. IJi, p. 1221). — Instead of estimating the number of bacteria for in- 

 .iection, the author utilizes a dilution method in which a 24-hour agar culture 

 of the bacteria is mixed with a definite amount of salt solution, centrifuged to 

 remove the clumps, and placed in a special bottle, and the bacteria killed by 

 heat or carbolic acid. The dilutions are then made from the stock solution or 

 emulsion from 1 : 10 to 1 : 100. An initial dose of 5 cc. of tlie 1 : 100 solution 

 is given, the dosage carried up to the 1 : 10 solution, and then to the full emul- 

 sion until a local reaction is obtained. The author terms the full emulsion 100 

 per cent, and the doses are recorded as 1, 2, 5, 7 cc, etc., of the 1 per cent, 10 

 per cent, or 100 per cent emulsion. 



The advantages of the dilution method over the numerical method are as 

 follows: (1) The reaction, the real index of dosage, is relied upon and the 

 empirical administration of bacterins is made less possible. (2) An index of 

 antibody production is aimed at. (3) By using this method vaccines can be 

 prepared with much greater rapidity, " at least an hour is saved on each 

 bacterin prepared." 



The influence of extracts of Anchylostonia caninum on the coagulation of 

 the blood and on hemolysis, L. Loeb and M. S. Fleishee (Jour. Infect. Dis- 

 eases, 7 (1910), No. 5, pp. 625-631). — " In the anterior part of Anchylostoma a 

 substance is present that inhibits the coagulation of the blood ; it can be pre- 

 served for a long time in a dried condition. It is not analogous to hirudin, but 

 it seems to show some similarity to the substance inhibiting the coagulation of 

 the blood which is present in cobra venom. It will, however, be necessary to 

 make additional comparative tests before such a relationship can be considered 

 proven." 



Preliminary experiments on the effect of cold on various diseases of small 

 animals, R. Ross and C. L. Williams (Ann. Trop. Med. and Par.. ', (1910). 

 No. 2, pp. 225-232; abs. m Sleeping Sickness Bur. [London,], B-ul. 2 (1910), No. 

 20, pp. 321, 328). — The senior author points out that if the conditions under 

 which the host lives are abruptly altered the animal parasites which it harbors 

 may be adversely affected. Though the temperature of the body is not markedly 

 altered by the lowering of the external temperature, changes may be produced 

 in the blood or tissues whicli are iuimicable to the parasites. Experiments 

 conducted are reported by the junior author. 



