ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY. 457 



The natural control of Heterocampa guttivitta, W. F. Fiske and A. F. 

 BrRGEss (Jour. Econ. Ent., 3 {1910), No. 5, pp. 389-394) .—In counts made of 

 eggs of H. guttivitta collected at ]Mount Kearsarge, N. H., about the middle of 

 June, S7.5 per cent were found to be parasitized by a proctotrypid wbich appears 

 to be Telenomus graptce. Records of pupsB collected in New Hampshire during 

 August show 87 per cent to have been destroyed by the larvfe of Calosoma 

 frigidum. " What conditions could have brought about the remarkable increase 

 of the latter species during the past few years is difficult to conjecture, but there 

 can be no question of the effective mamier in which they have supplemented 

 each other's work and reduced the numbers of Heterocampa to a minimum." 

 The enormous increase of C. frigidum in sonthern Maine is thought to be due to 

 a general migration from Heterocampa districts to gipsy and brown-tail moth 

 regions. 



Report of field entomologist, G. P. Weldon (Colorado Sta. Rpt. 1909, pp. 

 31-35). — This report, which relates particularly to work conducted in the 

 orchards of Mesa and Delta Counties, deals largely with the codling moth. 



The season's observations, as well as the experience of orchardists, indicate 

 that " a spray such as is thrown by a good Vermorel type nozzle with the coarse 

 caps, and which collects in little globules in the calyx cup, will penetrate be 

 neath the base of the stamens to the lower calyx cup better, in all probability, 

 than when driven in with a coarse nozzle of the Bordeaux type and 200 lbs. 

 pressure." 



Experiments conducted in a number of orchards with varying amounts of 

 arsenate of lead per 100 gal. of water ga\e the following results: 2J lbs., 21 

 per cent wormy ; 3 lbs., 30 per cent ; 3i lbs., 25 per cent ; 4 lbs., 41 per cent ; 

 5 lbs., 38 per cent ; and 6 lbs., 22 per cent. Ninety-flve per cent of the apples 

 on a Ben Davis tree in an unsprayed orchard were found to be wormy, while 

 many orchards In the same locality sprayed only once while the calyces were 

 open had only 6 per cent wormy. 



In spraying experiments conducted on a block of 215 trees in an orchard at 

 Eckart, the following results were obtained : With " Black Leaf," 1 part to 50 

 parts water, 23 per cent wormy ; sulphate of nicotine, 10 oz. to 50 gal. water, 

 30 per cent; sulphate of nicotine, 12 oz, to 50 gal. water, 27 per cent; lime, 

 25 lbs. to 50 gal. water, 41 per cent; unsprayed trees, 41 per cent; sulphid of 

 arsenic, 1 gal. to 50 gal. water, 7 per cent ; sulphid of arsenic, 4 gal. to 50 gal. 

 water, 6 per cent ; arsenate of lead, 2 lbs. per 100 gal. water, 5 per cent ; 

 arsenate of lead, 3 lbs. per 100 gal. water, 4 per cent ; and arsenate of lead, 4 

 lbs. per 100 gal. water, 4 per cent. 



These results have led the author to the following conclusions : " Nicotine 

 preparations are of very little value, if any, in controlling the codling moth. 

 Sulphid of arsenic is practically as good as arsenate of lead, and further experi- 

 ments will probably show that it is entirely as good. Two lbs. of arsenate of 

 lead per 100 gal. of water is enough, when carefully weighed and applied, to do 

 excellent work. ... A Vermorel type nozzle is just as efficient as a Bordeaux 

 type and does not waste so much of the spray. A low pressure is practically 

 as good as a high, provided enough pains are taken to do thorough work. It is 

 easier, however, to do thorough work with a high pressure machine. One spray- 

 ing given at the time the calyx is open is sufficient in certain localities, at least, 

 to control the codling moth." 



The San Jose scale was found in 15 orchards but is thought to have been 

 practically exterminated in 2 of these. 



The orange tortrix (Tortrix citrana), H. J. Quayle (Jour. Econ. Ent.. 

 3 {1910), No. 5, pp. 401-403). — This insect is reported to have been the source 

 of injury during the season of 1909-10 in certain sections of the southern Call- 



