458 EXPEKIMENT STATION EECOED, 



fornia citrus belt, being most abundant in Los Angeles County from Glendale 

 to Pomona. In some of the packing houses during the early part of the ship- 

 ping season the amount of wormy fruit ran between 5 and 10 per cent. The 

 injury to oranges is due to burrows made in the fruit which usually go no 

 farther than through the rind. In July it was reported to be attacking various 

 greenhouse plants at San Luis Obispo. 



The eggs hatch in 12 days, the total length of the larval life is from 55 to 60 

 days, and the pupal period from 9 to 12 days in midsummer. It is thought 

 that there are probably 3 generations, or 2 and a partial third. 



Picking up and destroying the dropped fruit in the field while the larva is 

 still in its burrow and destroying the wormy culls as they are sorted at the 

 packing house is said to be the most feasible remedy. 



Preventive and remedial work against mosquitoes, L. O. Howard (U. S. 

 Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Bui. 8S, pp. 126). — In this bulletin, the first to be issued 

 of a series on mosquitoes, the author deals at length with the work that has 

 been carried on against these pests. The subject is taken up under the head- 

 ings of protection from bites, abolition of breeding places, deterrent trees and 

 plants, smudges and fumigants, apparatus for catching adult mosquitoes, reme- 

 dies for mosquito bites, drainage measures, the value of reclaimed lands, the 

 practical use of natural enemies of mosquitoes, destruction of larvse, organiza- 

 tion for community work, and examples of mosquito exterminative measures in 

 different parts of the world and the sanitary results following them. 



In summarizing the work as related to this country the author finds " that 

 considering the economic loss existing in the United States through malaria, 

 nothing like the eom]ietent work has been done that should have been done, or 

 really that should have been done in the past 8 years within the territorial 

 limits of the United States themselves. The United States Government has 

 done admirable work in Cuba, for another people, and it has done excellent 

 work in the Isthmian Canal Zone, but in its own home territory it has done 

 nothing. State governments have done almost nothing, if we except the drain- 

 age work done in New Jersey. Malaria campaigns have been local and on the 

 whole very unsatisfactory." 



Investigations of the biology of the oxwarble fly (Hypoderma bovis) 

 and methods of combating it, Strose (Arb. K. Gsndhtsamt., 3^ (1910), No. 1, 

 pp. Jfl-lS, figs. 11). — The author reviews the literature and reports investiga- 

 tions of H. iovis, conducted in Germany. He concludes that at least a part of 

 the larvfe enter the body through the skin, and that as full grown larvse they 

 leave the host lai-gely during the night or early morning hours. 



The alfalfa leaf -weevil, E. G. Titus (Utah Sta. Bui. 110, pp. 19-72, pis. 

 17, fig. 1). — This is a detailed account of studies of the life history and bio- 

 nomics and of remedial measures for the alfalfa leaf-weevil (Phytonomus 

 murinus), a European post first discovered in Utah in 1904, which threatens 

 eventually to reach all our alfalfa growing regions. A preliminary report of the 

 author's investigations of this pest has been previously noted (E. S. R., 22, 

 p. 462). 



A map given of its distribution up to July 1, 1910. shows Salt Lake, Summit, 

 Davis, Weber, INIorgan, Utah, Wasatch, and Tooele counties to be infested, the 

 weevils having been found from the lower levels of the valleys (4,200 ft.) to 

 the tops of the dividing mountain chains (7,000 to 7,500 ft.). " During the fir.st 

 year of the presence of the weevils there is scarcely any damage noticeable. 

 The second year, under ordinary conditions, the alfalfa is injured from i to f of 

 the first crop and from J to A of the second crop. The third year of infesta- 

 tion brings about a most serious condition. There were many fields the present 

 year which could not be cut, and, where the alfalfa did grow to a sufficient 



