462 EXPEEIMENT STATION EECOED. 



watef gave quite satisfactory results. Eiglit oz. of Paris green to 40 gal. of water 

 did not prove so effective; but 3 lbs. of arsenate of lead was more effective, and 

 2 lbs. of arsenate of lead as effective, as the 1 lb. of Paris green. A formula 

 of 8 oz. Paris green and 1* lbs. arsenate of lead to 40 gal. water gave as good 

 results as any. Arsenite of lime formulas were also effective, but 3 applications 

 were necessary in order to control the larvse. In a second experiment, where a 

 different brand of arsenate of lead was used and other formulas tried, it was 

 found that 2 lbs. of arsenate of lead to 40 gal. of water was quite effective, 

 though slightly better results were obtained with larger quantities. The results 

 obtained from arteenite of lime formulas were not as satisfactory as were 

 those where 1 lb. of Paris green, or 2 lbs. or more of arsenate of lead, was 

 used. It would appear from these trials that the best formulas are arsenate of 

 lead, from 2 to 3 lbs. to 40 gal. of water ; Paris green, 1 lb. to 40 gal. of water ; 

 and Paris green 8 oz., with arsenate of lead 1* lbs. to 40 gal. water. It is 

 thought that Paris green and arsenate of lead applied together will give better 

 results on the whole than the 2 applied separately. 



Spraying machinery, W. H. Goodwin (Ohio Sta. Bui. 216, pp. 491-526, figs. 

 27). — This bulletin discusses the various factors to be considered in choosing a 

 spray pump. A list is given of the manufacturers who make various kinds of 

 spraying machines. Tabular descriptiojis of these machines follow, giving the 

 capacity, as estimated by the companies and by using the actual amount of 

 liquid displaced per minute by the plunger, the type of valves used in the pump, 

 the length of stroke and diameter of the cylinders, and additional remarks upon 

 the various types. 



Fumigation box materials, W. E, Hinds {Jour. Econ. Ent., 8 {1910), No. 

 5, pp. 394-398, pi. 1). — Tests made of the comparative porosity of 37 samples 

 of fumigation materials are reported. 



The results show that in the construction of fumigation boxes it is best to 

 depend for gas tightness upon heavy paper with the e<^lges or overlappings 

 securely sealed by glue rather than upon the quality of lumber, the tightness of 

 the joints, or a finishing coat. With hydrocyanic gas there is less difficulty 

 because of its lack of the solvent power possessed by carbon disulphid. 



FOODS— HUMAN NUTRITION. 



Principles and practice of ice cream making, R. M. Washburn {Yermont 

 Sta. Bill. 155, pp. 92, dgm. 1). — The importance of the ice cream industry in the 

 United States and the possible value of this industry in Vermont are discussed, 

 a large amount of information on the classification of ice creams and other simi- 

 lar topics is presented, and the results are reported of studies of ice cream mak- 

 ing, particularly under factory conditions. 



Quotations from the author's summary follow : 



"There are two general classes of ice cream recognized; the plain (raw), and 

 the French (cooked custard). 



" The flavor is influenced by the fat content of the cream ; by its freedom from 

 contamination of all sorts ; by a low cream acidity ; by the addition of minute 

 quantities of common salt; and by the ripening or aging of the ice cream. A 

 good body is the result of the pi'esence of plenty of fat, but not too much ; of the 

 aging and thorough cooling of the cream ; and, sometimes, of the use of flUers. 

 A fine texture is promoted by the richness of the cream ; by the proper conduct 

 of the freezing process ; by the aging of the cream ; and, if the goods are not to 

 be used promptly, by the use of a gelatinoid binder. Swell (or overrun) is 

 caused by the incorporation of air into the cream, and is affected by the vis- 

 cosity of the cream; by the rate of freezing; and particularly by the length of 



