470 EXPBKIMENT STATION EECOED, 



was couflrmed also by chemical analyses of corresponding parts of the car- 

 casses of the animals at the close of the experiments. 



" Our general conclusion from the foregoing data, then, is that the two 

 steers did not materially differ as regards digestive power, percentage of 

 feed energy metabolized, or percentage availability of the feed energy. The 

 pure-bred steer was superior to the scrub in that his maintenance requirement 

 was less while his capacity to consume feed was gi'eater. On the moderate 

 rations fed, he manifested this superiority, however, not in the form of gi'eater 

 gain of live weight from a unit of feed, but in the production of higher quality 

 of product, representing the storage of more energy available as human food." 



The rate of gain outside of the respiration calorimeter exi^eriments on limited 

 rations was fully as great as that predicted by Kellner for similar animals, and 

 it would be very satisfactory in practice for animals not being fattened. 

 It is considered that for simple growth without material fattening, the results 

 indicate that Kellner's standards as regards available energy might be some- 

 what reduced. 



"As I'egards the protein requirements, we find a striking contrast between 

 our rations and the accepted standards. Our two steers made entirely satis- 

 factory gains on rations whose digestible protein ranged in the case of the 

 scrub steer from 70 to 95 per cent of the formulated requirements of the 

 dairy breeds, and in the case of the pure-bred steer from 50 to 70 per cent 

 of those of the beef breeds. The difference is greatest at the earliest ages 

 and gradually diminishes." 



" The tendency of recent investigations, however, is to show that in all 

 branches of feeding the minimum protein requirement has been considerably 

 exaggerated. This has been shown to be true of the maintenance requirement 

 and of the requirement for milk production, while our results suggest that it is 

 also true for growth. At any rate this branch of the subject seems worthy of 

 further investigation." 



Conimercial feeding stuffs. — Principles and practice of stock feeding, J. L. 

 Hills, C. H. Jones, and P. A. Benedict (Vermont 8ta. Bui. 152, pp- 515-61^). — 

 Analyses are reported of cotton-seed meal, linseed meal, ground flax flakes, 

 distillers' dried grains, gluten feed, molasses feed, hominy feed, oat feeds, 

 Wheat by-products, red dog flour, provender, corn meal, rye products, ground 

 oats, and proprietary mixed feeds. The remainder of the bulletin is a popular 

 presentation of the principles and practice of stock feeding, and is in large 

 part a revision of Bulletin 81 (E. S. R.. 12, p. 877). 



The relative value of field roots, F. T. Shutt (Canada Expt. Farms Rpts. 

 1910, pp. 208-213). — Chemical analyses of different varieties of mangels, tur- 

 nips, carrots, and sugar beets grown in 3909 are reported. 



The mangels varied in dry matter from 8.94 to 12.66 per cent, and in sugar 

 content from 4.47 to 7.56 per cent. These results are in accord with previous 

 findings and demonstrate the advisability of considering the composition as well 

 as the yield and keeping quality in the selection of a variety for feeding pur- 

 poses. The same varieties have maintained practically their relative positions 

 for 10 consecutive seasons, which supports the view that heredity plays an im- 

 portant part in determining the composition of the root. 



The sugar content in turnips varied from 0.99 to 1.79 per cent. The dry 

 matter was about the same as in mangels. The sugar content of carrots varied 

 from 1.38 to 3.36 per cent. The seasonal influence for the past 5 years affected 

 the carrots much less than the otlier roots. 



The feeding value of mangels, T. B. Wood (Jour. Agr. Sc4., 3 (1910), No. 3, 

 pp. 225-232 ) . — Three varieties of mangels were compared in a series of 12 cattle 



