472 EXPERIMENT STATION EECOED. 



in 580 days made an average daily gain per head of 1.62 lbs., at a cost of 5.21 

 cts. per pound. Nine steer calves in 282 days made an average daily gain of 

 1.41 lbs., at a cost of 4.4 cts. per pound. 



At the Nappan Farm, Nova Scotia, 53 steers in 165 days made an average 

 daily gain of 1.46 lbs. per head, at a cost of 9.9 cts. per pound. At the Brandon, 

 Manitoba, Farm, cheaper and faster gains were made when the steers were 

 provided with shelter than when kept in Mie open. At the Indian Head Farm, 

 Saskatchewan, 2-year-olds were found to return a smaller net profit per head 

 than 3-year-olds. At the Lacombe, Alberta, Farm, IS steers in 109 days made an 

 average daily gain of 1.72 lbs., at a cost of 7.42 cts. per pound. 



Cattle production in Belgium, A. Gregoire {Rev. Econ. Internat., 7 {1910), 

 IV, No. 2, pp. 376-393). — A discussion of the factors which have influenced the 

 gradual increase in the number of cattle in Belgium from 1.203,891 in 1846 to 

 1,861,412 in 1908. 



Cattle survey of the Amritsar district, G. K. Walker {Lahore: Govt., 1910, 

 pp. V+42). — A report on the live stock of the Amritsar district and their dis- 

 eases. 



The Amritsar district lies in the eastern portion of the Punjab between the 

 Ravi and Beas rivers. The land, which is level and of alluvial origin, is held 

 mostly by peasant proprietors. It is of less importance as a cattle district than 

 formerly because of the irrigation projects which have destroyed the pastures 

 previously used for grazing. The year 190,8-9 was especially disastrous as many 

 cattle, sheep, and goats died of starvation or succumbed to " gillar." 



Working' oxen, bulls, and cows, J. Wrightson {Lii'e Stock. Jour. [London], 

 72 {1910), No. 1911, pp. 535, 536). — The author believes that conditions have so 

 changed that many English farmers should return to the use of ox labor. Argu- 

 ments are presented in favor of using bulls as draft animals, and it is argued 

 that there are small farmers who can use cows for the same purpose, as is done 

 more or less in France and other European countries. 



Working oxen v. present condition of live stock industry {Live Stock 

 Jour. [London], 72 {1910), No. 1912, p. 562). — In opposition to the views noted 

 above, the ground is taken that it is more economical to hasten the maturity 

 of beef cattle and to increase heavy milk production than to produce animals 

 for draft purposes. 



Microscopical investigations of the wool of caracul and zackel sheep, P. 

 Kereszttjri {KiserJet, Kozlem., 13 {1910), No. 3, irp. 307-330, figs. 8).— These 

 are studies of the length and diameter of the wool hairs and the size and shape 

 of the scales which compose the cuticular layer of the hair. 



Beport of horse breeding investigation, J. O. Williams {Colorado 8ta. 

 Rpt. 1909, pp. 50-59). — A report of progress of the work conducted by the sta- 

 tion in cooperation with this Department. The percentage of foals obtained 

 during the year was 75.9 per cent of the number of mares bred. Twenty-one 

 animals of inferior quality were* disposed of, which left 60 individuals of 

 superior breeding stock. See also a previous note (E. S. R., 24, p. 271.) 



The Government and Morgan horses, C. W. Gay {Ohio Farmer, 126 {1910), 

 No. 25, pp. 3, 6, figs. J/). — An account of the efforts of the United States Depart- 

 ment of Agriculture to put Morgan breeding on a practical basis. The changes 

 in type over the old-fashioned Morgan now found among Morgan breeds are 

 noted, and it is suggested that there is danger of losing some of the character- 

 istics for which the Morgan is famous if breeders attempt to increase the size. 



Notes on equitation and horse training {U. S. War Dept. Doc. 375, 1910, 

 pp. 98).- — These notes, which are used at the School of Application for Cavalry 

 at Saumur, France, are here translated for the use of the regular army and 



