RURAL ENGINEERING. 791 



The family house, C. F. Osborne {Philadelphia, 1910, pp. 236, pis. i, dgms. 

 23). — This popular treatise on lionse building discusses location, sunsliine and 

 \iew, planning and building, beating and ventilation, plumbing, the house and 

 the garden, timely repairs, and similar topics. 



Domestic sanitary engineering and plumbing, F. W. Raynes {London, 'New 

 York, Bombay, and Calcutta, 1909, pp. XIII+J,74, figs. 277).— This book is 

 designed for students of domestic sanitary engineering and plumbing, but 

 especially for those who are to be entrusted with the design, supervision, and 

 execution of this branch of engineering work. 



Different chapters treat of subjects as follows: Materials and their prop- 

 erties and mode of manufacture; roof work; pipe fixing and pipe bending; 

 pipe joints; solders, fluxes, and lead burning; sanitary fittings and accessories; 

 soil and waste pipes; drainage of houses and other buildings; disposal and 

 treatment of sewage from mansions and houses in country districts; water 

 supply; appliances for raising water; hydrostatics and hydraulics; domestic 

 hot water supply ; and low pressure hot-water heating apparatus. 



An appendix gives hydraulic memoranda, the weight of water at different 

 temperatures, as well as of metals and cast-iron pipes, and dimensions of wire 

 and plate gages. 



Rural hygiene, H. N. Ogden {Neiv York, 1911, pp. XVII+Jf3Jf, figs. 77). — 

 This book, which is one of the Rural Science Series edited by L. H. Bailey, was 

 prepared by the professor of sanitary engineering in Cornell University, and 

 presents the subject of hygiene in its broad relations to the general health of 

 the community at large, dealing rather with the engineering than with the 

 medical side, and in the case of diseases with prevention rather than with 

 etiology and treatment. Details of engineering methods and processes are not 

 attempted, but the way to a proper selection is indicated. The book empha- 

 sizes the interdependence in matters of hygiene of individulas and of commu- 

 nities, especially between rural and urban communities, and seeks " to promote 

 the comfort and convenience of those living in the rural part of the community 

 who, unfortunately, while most happily situated from the standpoint of health 

 in many ways, have failed to give themselves those comforts that might so 

 easily be added to their life." 



The author holds that it is "not fair to say, despite frequent but careless 

 statements by writers on typhoid fever, that this disease is a country disease, 

 and that it is transmitted to the city by the vacationist who finds the disease 

 lurking in the waters of the farm well. ... As a matter of fact, the greatest 

 danger from typhoid fever is neither in the country nor the large city, but in the 

 village or small city. Here the growth and congestion of population has made 

 necessary the introduction of a water supply, and in many cases this has not 

 been supplemented by the construction of a sewerage system. The ground 

 becomes saturated with filth, percolating, in many cases, into wells not yet 

 abandoned, and the introduction of the typhoid germ brought in from outside 

 is all that is needed to start a widespread epidemic." 



But while the health conditions in the open country " are quite as good as 

 those of the city, the comforts of country life are as yet inferior." 



The introductory discussion of vital statistics or general health conditions in 

 the open country is followed by chapters on location of a house — soil and sur- 

 roundings, construction of houses and barns with reference to healthfulness, 

 ventilation, quantity of water required for domestic use, sources of water sup- 

 ply, quality of water, water works construction, plumbing, sewage disposal, 

 preparation and care of milk and meat, foods and beverages, personal hygiene, 

 theories of disease, disinfection, tuberculosis and imeumonia, typhoid fever, 



