VETERINARY MEDICINE. 783 



The retrojugular glands for the early diagnosis of tuberculosis in experi- 

 mental guinea pigs, G. Kie-vlyfx (Berlin. Klin. WcJiiiscIn:, .'il (1910), No. U, 

 pp. 2013-2017, fig. 1). — The author draws attention to the fact that invariably 

 an early swelling or caseation of the lymphatic glands on the right and left 

 sides of the incisura jugularis sterni is present in practically all instances and 

 long before any other signs are manifest. He proposes to use this criterion 

 for the detection of tuberculosis in the animal. An illustration is given. 



The ligroin method for tubercle bacilli, L. Lange and P. Nitsche (Ztschr. 

 Hug. u. Infel-tionsK-ranlc, 67 (1910), No. 1, pp. 151-158) .— Tubercle bacilli have 

 a definite adhesive property toward ligroin, and this allows an easy separation 

 of these bacilli from other bacteria and material. This article deals particu- 

 larly with refuting « the question of the superiority of other methods. '^ 



Tuberculosis of farm animals, C. F. Briscoe and W. J. AIacneal (lUinois 

 Sta. Bui. 1J,9, pp. 317-1,31, figs S).— This review of the present status of our 

 knowledge of tuberculosis includes reports of original investigations. Following 

 a brief introduction, the authors deal with the pathology; general methods 

 employed in determining the presence of the bacillus ; examinations for tubercle 

 bacilli of market milk and butter, of milk from tuberculous cows with sound 

 udders, of feces, and of the blood of tuberculous animals; public health rela- 

 tions; distribution of tuberculosis among farm animals; and methods of com- 

 bating animal tuberculosis. 



In the experiments reported, it was found that "Bacillus iiihercniosis remains 

 alive in butter as ordinarily salted for a much longer time than butter is 

 usually kept in storage. ... Of the 6 samples of butter tested ... 2, or 33i 

 per cent, contained tubercle bacilli virulent to guinea pigs." 



"According to the literature reviewed, tubercle bacilli are very common in 

 market milk, being found, in the 7,845 samples tabulated, 537 times, or 6.8 per 

 cent. A composite of the 3 largest testings done in the United States in 1908 

 and 1909, those of Anderson (Washington), Fields (Louisville), and Hess (New 

 York City), gives a total number of 447 samples, of which the number contain- 

 ing tubercle bacilli is 78, or 17.5 per cent. The 4 largest series of tests in Con- 

 tinental Europe, those of INIueller, Beatty, Smit, and Eber, comprise a total of 

 4,229 samples, and of these only 205, or 4.8 per cent contain tubercle bacilli. 

 The testing of 37 samples of market milk from Champaign and TJrbana, from 

 21 dairies, revealed no tubercle bacilli." 



" Those investigators finding positive results and those finding negative re- 

 sults in testing milk of tuberculous cows with sound udders are about equal 

 in number as shown by the literature cited. Though the question is yet un- 

 settled whether tuberculous cows with sound udders secrete tubercle bacilli in 

 their milk, the facts so far accumulated point to these conclusions : (a) Tubercle 

 bacilli are rarely found in the milk of tuberculous cows with sound udders, 

 especially if the infection is localized ;(b) when a cow has extensive generalized 

 tuberculosis or when the tubercle bacilli are free in the blood (as, for example, 

 after injecting a pure culture of tubercle bacilli into a vein), at such times 

 tubercle bacilli may be secreted along with the milk. We have tested for 

 tubercle bacilli a total of 47 samples of milk from 10 tuberculous cows. All 

 the cows at autopsy showed normal udders except one. [which] showed ex- 

 tensive induration in the right forequarter of the udder, but this change was 

 not tuberculous in nature. In none of the 47 samples were any tubercle bacilli 



o Ztschr. Hyg. u. Infektionskrank., 66 (1910), p. 315. 



^Deut. Med. Wchnschr., 35 (1909), pp. 435, 1428, 1617; Hyg Rundschau, 19 

 (1909), p. 699; Compt. Rend. Soc. Biol. [Paris], 67 (1909), p. 507. 



