KURAL ECONOMICS. 



489 



generally accepted aud in nearly every way the most satisfactory plan now in 

 nse ; and that on demand can be used with advantage where reservoirs are the 

 chief source of supply, where the available supply can be closely predicted, 

 and where the land under irrigation is closely settled. The desirability of 

 printed rules and regulations and the keeping of permanent records is pointed 

 out. The annual cost of water delivery per acre on 13 typical systems where 

 this included delivery to individuals was 41.5 cts. per acre, and on 4 typical 

 canals where it iuchided only delivery to the laterals 7.5 cts. 



Duty of water investigations, G. H. Tetje (Nevada Sta. Bui. 72, pp. 26- 

 28). — During the irrigating season of 1908 a study was made in cooperation 

 with the irrigation investigations of the Office of Experiments of this Depart- 

 ment, as to the cost of maintenance and duty of water under the systems used 

 in 5 canals and ditches. The results are summarized by the following table : 



Prineipal results of duty of tvater investigations. 



The results of experiments with beardless barley, White Australian wheat, 

 Siberian oats, Kubanka wheat, alfalfa, and mangel-wurzels are presented in 

 tables. The data reported in each case include the number of irrigations, the 

 depth of water applied, the precipitation, and the yields per acre and per acre- 

 foot of water. 



Bitumens and their essential constituents for road construction and main- 

 tenance, P. Hubbard (U. S. Dept. Agr., Office Pub. Roads Circ. 93, pp. 16). — 

 This publication presents in condensed form a description and discussion of 

 various bituminous materials at present in use in road construction and main- 

 tenance. The various materials are ari-anged alphabetically. 



RURAL ECONOMICS. 



Bibliography of economics for 1909, J. L. Laughlin et al. (Chicago, 1910, 

 pp. XIII+2S2). — In this volume, which consists of an assembling of bibliog- 

 raphies appearing in the Journal of Political Economy from February, 1909. 

 to January, 1910, inclusive, there are extensive bibliographies on agriculture 

 and the land problem, transportation, labor conditions aud wages, insurance, 

 and other subjects having a more or less direct or indirect bearing on the 

 agricultural industry. 



Concerning intensive culture and the profitableness of agriculture, T. 

 Brinkmann (FiUiliiH/s Landw. Ztg., 59 (1910), No. IJ,, pp. J,65-.'i89, figs. 2).— 

 According to the author, the three factors of intensive culture which have a 

 direct bearing on the profitableness of agriculture are " nature," which in- 

 cludes both land and climate, market relations, and the personality of the 

 farmer. Illustrations are given of a large number of farms managed under 

 different degrees of intensive culture, situated in different parts of Germany, 

 and operated under various systems of management involving greater or less 

 expenditures of capital aud labor. The operation of farms under these con- 



