HORTICULTURE. 545 



for the iinsprayed trees O.S per cent soimd, perfect apples, 35 per cent very 

 slightly scabbed, and 74.2 per cent deformed by scab. 



Some sugg'estions for Rhode Island apple growers, A. E. Stene (Ann. Rpt. 

 B4. Agr. R. I., -25 {1909), pp. 93-181, pis. 21, figs. 22).— This is a popular 

 treatise on apple culture with special reference to Rhode Island conditions. It 

 discusses the financial outlook in orcharding, orchard conditions in Rhode 

 Island, purchase of nursery stock, varieties, soil and site, preparation of new 

 land, planting and cultivation, cover crops, cross-pollination, pruning, thinning, 

 orchard fertilization, insects, plant diseases and spraying, protection against 

 mice and other rodents, renewal of old orchards, dwarf apples, harvesting and 

 marketing, storage, and apple by-products. 



New method of grafting fig and olive trees, G. C. Roeding (Cal. Cult., 

 36 {1911), No. 7, lUK 193, 198, figs. //).— The method of grafting which is here 

 described and illustrated consists essentially in inserting the scions in notches 

 at the side of the top of the stock instead of in a cleft as in the ordinary cleft 

 grafting. The scion is placed against the stock and the outline of the scion is 

 cut into the stock so that when the bark is removed the scion fits closely into 

 the groove made for it. The author claims to have no difficulty in making fully 

 90 per cent of the scions grow by this method of grafting, although it can not 

 be employed until the sap begins to flow. 



Viticulture and vine improvement, Dtjmmler {Ber. Grossh. Bad. Landw. 

 Vers. Anst. Augustenbcrg, 1909, pp. 130-1^0). — A report on the viticultural 

 section of the agricultural experiment station of the Grand Duchy of Baden, 

 including tabular data showing the condition of European grapes grafted on 

 various American stocks. 



Single character v. tout-ensemble breeding in grapes, T. V. Munson {Atner. 

 Breeders Mag., 1 {1910), No. J/, pp. 274-279). — In this discussion the author 

 advocates general character bi*eecling, or the production of as many desirable 

 points as possible in the product. 



His experience in breeding grapes has shown that it is not safe to assume 

 that the female parent transmits vine characteristics while the male transmits 

 fruit characteristics. The following law has been determined with several 

 pairs of species to the second generation : " Species of grapes very uniform in 

 character when hybridized with species of very variable character give progeny 

 with the characteristics of the imiform species dominant." 



Experiments with phylloxera-resistant stocks at Howlong State Viti- 

 cultural Station, M. Blunno {Agr. Gaz. N. 8. Wales, 21 {1910), No. 11, pp. 

 975-983). — The results for the 3 years, 1908-1910, are given of experiments 

 conducted to note the grape-bearing capacity of European vines grafted on 

 various phylloxera-resistant stocks. The data show the yield per acre and 

 analysis of the grapes for each season. 



The hybrid direct bearers in the valley of the Rhone in 1910, A. Des- 

 MOULiNs and V. Villard {Prog. Agr. et Vit. {Ed. VEst-Centre), 32 {1911), 

 Nos. 3, PI). 84-86; J,, pp. 112-118; 5, pp. 132-137; 6, pp. 180-183).— As in previous 

 .years (E, S. R., 22, p. 340) notes and data are given of a large number of 

 hybrid direct bearing grapes. In conclusion the various hybrids are classified 

 relative to their resistance to mildew in 1910, according to the nature of the 

 soil best suited for them, and according to the intensity of coloration of 

 their must. 



[Cacao manurial plats in Dominica], H. A. Tempany {Ii7i/p. Dept. Agr. West 

 Indies Rpts. Bot. Sta. Dominica, 1909-10, pp. 22-33). — The results to date are 

 given of the fertilizer and mulching experiments being conducted with cacao at 

 the Dominica Botanic Station, including results of fertilizer experiments con- 



