DISEASES OF PLANTS. 549 



the development of Maritime pine forests in the departments of Gironde and 

 Laudes, including a sketch of the manners and characteristics of the people, a 

 study of the exploitation of the Maritime pine, and a discussion of economic and 

 social conditions of modern life in the Landes. 



The principal and intermediate yield of red beech, in Saxony, M. Kunze 

 (Tharaml. Forstl. Jahrb., 61 (1910), No. 2, pp. 97-110).— The data here pre- 

 sented consist of measurements which have been made of 38 experimental areas 

 since 1890, and include information relative to the location and age of each 

 stand, the number of trees, and the basal area and volume of wood per hectare, 

 both in the dominant and secondary forests. A table shows the distribution of 

 various sizes of wood in the different experimental areas. 



Forms and variations of the common pine (Pinus silvestris), M. Kienitz 

 (Ztschr. Forst. u. Jaydic, JfS (1911), No. 1, pp. 4-55, pis. 2).— A study of the 

 variability of the common pine as occurring in different European countries, in 

 which a large number of characteristic variations are illustrated by drawings 

 reproduced from photographs. The study has a special bearing on the question 

 of procuring seeds from countries where the climatic conditions are similar to 

 those existing where the stand is to be established. 



In the experience of the author unsuitable forms may be detected during the 

 first year of the seedlings. These should be discarded since variations mani- 

 fested in youth appear to be maintained or even to be intensified throughout the 

 life of the tree. 



The silviculture of Hardwickia binata (anjan), D. O. Witt (Indian Forest 

 Rec, 2 (1910), No. 3, pp. 75-135, pis. 17, map 1).—A detailed study of this 

 species relative to its botany, utility, distribution, locality, shape, and develop- 

 ment, including the formation, care, and regeneration of anjan forests, with, 

 special reference to the anjan forests in the Nimar district of the Central 

 Provinces, India. 



Germination and growth of sandal seedlings, Rama Rao (Indian Forest 

 Rec, 2 (1910), No. 3, pp. 137-157, pis. 10).— A brief record is given of experi- 

 ments in germinating and propagating sandal seedlings in the Kuruool district, 

 Madras, India. From the knowledge derived from these experiments it ap- 

 pears that in-situ sowing is both better and cheaper than planting out nursery- 

 raised seedlings. A number of plates are given illustrating the development of 

 sandal seedlings. 



On West African plantation rubber, F. Frank and E. Marckwaxd (Pflanzer, 

 6 (1910), No. 17-18, pp. 257-270). — Analyses are reported of a number of 

 samples of West African rubber, largely Manihot glaziovii, which were coagu- 

 lated by various methods. The data show the method of coagulating the rub- 

 ber, the loss in washing, the resin and ash content, and the qualitative composi- 

 tion of the ash. Analyses of the vulcanized product are also given for 14 of 

 the samples. 



Asphaltic oils in the preservation of railway ties, F. W. Cheerington 

 (Municipal Engin., JfO (1911), No. 2, pp. 95-103, figs. J/). — In this paper, which 

 was read before the Wood Preservers' Association at Chicago, the author pre- 

 sents considerable data based upon observations and A^arious experiments rela- 

 tive to progress made in the use of asphaltic base oil as a wood preservative. 



DISEASES OF PLANTS. 



Notes on New York plant diseases, I, F. C. Stewart (Netc York State Sta. 

 Bui. 328, pp. 305-1/04, pis. 18).— This bulletin contains brief notes on various 

 plant diseases and malformations observed in New York during the past 10 

 years, special attention being given to the occurrence, distribution, and im- 



