DISEASES OF PLANTS, 553 



It was found that for the season of 1910 late spraying was more profitable 

 than early, that one late spraying was better than an early and a late spraying, 

 and that Scotch seed potatoes gave better results as regards yield and disease 

 resistance than Irish seed of the same variety. 



Tests of summer sprays on apples and peaches in 1910, G. P. Clinton and 

 W. E. Beitton {Connecticut State 8ta. Rpt. 1909^10, pt. 7, pp. 583-618, pis. 8) .— 

 The results are given of experiments conducted during 1910 with various lime- 

 sulphur mixtures as regards their fungicidal value and spray injury on apples 

 and peaches. 



The following sprays were used: (1) Bordeaux mixtures 4:4:50, 3:4:50, 

 2:4:50, and 1:4:50, as checks in addition to the unsprayed plats; (2) com- 

 mercial lime-sulphur mixtures, 1 : 12 and 1 : 8 for winter treatment, and 1 : 50, 

 1.25:50, and 1.5:50 for summer use; (3) the trade compounds of lime and 

 sulphur, Sulfocide, Bogart's Sulphur Compound, and One for All; (4) self- 

 boiled lime-sulphur mixture. 8 : S : 50. To all of the sprays except Sulfocide, 3 

 lbs. of arsenate of lead to 50 gal. of the mixture was added. 



From two to four summer treatments for the fungus and insect enemies of 

 the apple were found necessary. The commercial (1.5:50) and self-boiled 

 lime-sulphur sprays produced no appreciable injury to the apple foliage, but a 

 slight russeting of the fruit was noticeable in some cases, while the trade com- 

 pounds of sulphur, especially when combined with an insecticide, often pro- 

 duced serious leaf burn and fruit fall. In all orchards the sprayed trees gave 

 a lower percentage of fungus infection than the check trees, although the dif- 

 ference was not great, due to the unfavorable season for the general develop- 

 ment of fungus diseases. The treatments reduced the insect injury of the apple, 

 especially that due to the codling moth, more than one-half. 



In the spraying experiments with peaches, the brown rot, leaf curl, scab, 

 curculio, peach sawfly, and San Jose scale were especially under observation. 

 Varieties very susceptible to the brown rot were selected for the tests, and 

 about 125 trees were sprayed from 1 to 4 times. Self-boiled lime sulphur, 

 8 : 8 : 50 ; Sulfocide, 1 : 400 ; Niagara lime sulphur, 1 : 75 and 1 : 100 ; and potassium 

 sulphid, 1 : 50, were the sprays used. Three summer treatments were given in 

 all of the orchards, and in the first and second applications arsenate of lead at 

 the rate of 3 lbs. to 50 gal. was used. The self-boiled lime-sulphur caused no 

 foliage injury. The 1 : 75 Niagara lime-sulphur produced a slight injury, while 

 the other sulphur mixtures tested were not injurious when used alone, but when 

 combined with arsenicals often caused serious foliage damage. Both self-boiled 

 and Niagara lime-sulphur mixtures gave good results in checking fungus dis- 

 eases. Peaches sprayed for leaf curl on April 1 with a 1 : 9 commercial lime- 

 sulphur mixture showed only a trace of the disease, while trees sprayed for 

 brown rot with the self-boiled and Niagara lime-sulphur mixtures 3 times 

 during the summer had over 50 per cent less rot than the unsprayed trees. 

 Not only was the rot prevented, but the sprayed fruits kept better after picking. 



On the whole, the authors recommend for general use the self-boiled lime- 

 sulphur mixture for a summer fungicide, although a commercial lime-sulphur 

 mixture like the Niagara at 1:100 solution may prove valuable on the peach. 



Report on a disease in the Taurian limes at Antony, W. R. Fisher (Quart. 

 Jour. Forestry, .'/ (1910), No. 4, pp. 293-296). — Attention is called to a slime 

 flux disease of these exotic limes (Tilia dasystyla) which has up to the present 

 time attacked five of the trees and killed two of them. The exact cause of the 

 disease is not known, but it is supposed to be due either to infection in the 

 nursery, to local infection, unsuitable soil at Antony, injury by frosts, or to the 

 unsuitability of the local climate. 



