METEOROLOGY WATER, 519 



Water problems, W. M. Booth {Jour. Indus, and Engin. Chetn., 2 {1910), 

 No. 12, pp. 503-510, figs. 9). — Analyses of snow collected 2 miles from the 

 center of Syracuse are reported and discussed with reference to natural con- 

 tamination of rain and snow. The article is, however, devoted mainly to 

 descriptions of methods and apparatus used in water purification for industrial 

 purposes. 



The practical sterilization of potable waters by means of the ultraviolet 

 rays of light, J. C. Thresh and J. F. Beale (Lancet [London], 1910, II, No. 

 26, pp. 18-^9-1851). — Reviewing recent experiments with this method, the authors 

 conclude that " there is little doubt that for small installations and for suitable 

 waters, when electrical current is available, treatment with ultraviolet rays 

 will be more economical than any other process yet devised, but it remains to 

 be seen whether, under such ciix-umstances, it will be able to compete with the 

 chlorin process as now simplified and improved." 



The sterilizing ultraviolet ray (Sci. Amer. Sup., 10 (1910), No. 1825, p. 

 404, figs. 2). — The Nogier process is briefly described. 



The purification of dairy wash, water by means of irrigation (Molk. Ztg. 

 [Hildesheim], 24 (1910), Nos. 7, p. 115; 9, pp. 148-150; 11, p. 185; ais. in 

 Wasser u. Abwasser, 3 (1910), No. 9, p. 362). — This method of disposal proved 

 successful on light sandy soils when care was taken not to use excessive 

 amounts of the wash water and to keep the land in good physical condition. 

 Grass, clover, and trees grow vigorously on the irrigated land. It is not advis- 

 able to pasture animals on the land. 



Ways and means of having healthy homes and summer resorts, R. 

 Fletcher (N. H. Sanit. Buh, 3 (1911), No. 12, pp. 205-238, figs. iS).— This 

 bulletin deals in a plain, practical way with the disiwsal of household refuse 

 and water-borne sewage ; the modified cesspool or sewage tank with subsurface 

 disposal; a controlled cesspool; dry disposal; disposal of slops, waste, and 

 garbage ; ways of contamination and protection of drinking water ; and construc- 

 tion of wells. Data are also given regarding the cost and size of sewer pipes 

 and their protection from freezing, bills of materials for sewerage systems, 

 protection of garbage from flies, and legal and personal aspects of the sanitation 

 problem. A list of the leading authorities on the sul^ject is added. 



Clarification of sewage, R. Schmeitzner, trans, by A. E. Kimberly (New 

 York, and London, 1910, pp. XV+II4, pls. 2, figs. 37).— This is an English trans- 

 lation of a German book which gives a detailed account of a trip of inspection 

 to a number of the larger German clariflcation plants. It deals almost exclu- 

 sively with the engineering features of the construction and operation of these 

 plants. 



The interest in this book from an agricultural standpoint centers mainly in 

 the chapter on sludge removal and treatment for the recovery of by-products, 

 which contains a section on the treatment of sludge for the preparation of ferti- 

 lizer base. The author takes the position that sludge should be used for agri- 

 cultural purposes wherever it is possible to do so, and he calls attention to a 

 process by which suflacient fat and fertilizer may be obtained from sewage 

 containing considerable amounts of fat to pay the cost of the operation. 



Sewage sludge disposal, W. B. Ruggles (Engin. Rec, 63 (1911), No. 3, pp. 

 19, 80). — Various methods of sludge disposal as well as the Berlin and Paris 

 methods of sewage irrigation are referred to and the method employed at 

 Bradford, England, for the preparation of sludge fertilizer is described in some 

 detail. 



In the process used at this place the sludge as it comes from the filter presses, 

 containing about 33 per cent of water, is run into rotai-y driers, where the 

 moisture content is reduced to about 10 per cent. The material comes from the 



