FOODS HUMAN NUTRITION. 565 



Pumigation studies, II, III, W. M. Pierce {Pomona Jour. Ent., 2 {1910), 

 Nos. 2, pp. 175-178; 3, pp. 2Jtl-2J,5, figs. 6).— In the second paper (E. S. R., 23, 

 p. 565) tlie author discusses the question "Does ordinary contract fumigation 

 pay?" and in the third the estimation of the cubic contents of fumigation tents. 



Division of nursery and orchard inspection, N. E. Shaw {Ann. Rpt. Ohio 

 Bd. Agr., 6^ {1909), pp. 6i9-65S).— Details of the work of the year are briefly 

 reported, lists of Ohio nurserymen, certified agents, and certified dealers being 

 appended. 



FOODS— HUMAN NUTRITION. 



Fifteenth report on food products and third report on drug products, 1910, 

 J. P. Street {Connecticut State Sta. Rpt. 1909-10, pt. 6, pp. //55-5S2).— Details 

 are given of the examination under the state pure food law of a large number 

 of samples of canned goods^ flavoring extracts, ice cream cones, mince-meat, 

 catsup, miscellaneous food products, and a large number of drug products. 



In the case of canned peas. 111 samples, representing as many brands and the 

 product of 73 manufacturers or jobbers, were submitted to a physical and 

 chemical examination. Fourteen of these samples were of foreign and 97 of 

 domestic packing. The drained peas averaged 364 gm. in weight per can, and 

 the liquor 206 gm. The average cost per can was 16.8 cts. " The drained peas 

 showed normal weight in 34 per cent of the 92 samples packed in No. 2 cans, 

 excess weight in 5 per cent, and a tendency toward short weight in 61 per cent. 

 Three samples showed a great deficiency in fill of peas." 



In no case was the liquor perfectly clear. In 10 samples it was slightly 

 cloudy, in 63 cloudy; in 33 thick, and in 5 very thick and pasty. The solid 

 matter of the pea liquor constituted on an average 6.67 per cent of the total, 

 with an average composition of protein 23, sugar 37, starch 23, pea ash 5, and 

 sodium chlorid 12 per cent. " In 56 samples the pea liquor indicated the pres- 

 ence of glucose, ranging from 0.27 to 1.30 per cent. In no case was glucose 

 declared on the label. 



" The liquor contained on the average 16 per cent of the total solids of the 

 canned peas. Ten per cent of the starch and 16 per cent of the protein of the 

 peas are lost in the liquor [if discarded]." 



The drained peas contained on an average water 80.86, starch 7.64, and 

 sodium chlorid 0.58 per cent. 



" In the smaller, less mature peas the fiber, sugar, and ash are generally 

 higher, while the starch is higher in the more mature peas. In 48 samples the 

 use of sugar was either declared on the label, or indicated in the brand name ; in 

 29 of the other 63 samples the sugar ranged from 12.27 to 24.49 per cent in the 

 dry matter, indicating added sugar. On the average there is quite a close 

 relation between the amount of water and starch in the drained peas and the 

 amount of starch in the liquor. The average water steadily decreases as the 

 starch increases." 



In the samples examined the starch content ranged from 21 to over 50 per 

 cent on a dry basis. Thirty-five samples contained 45 per cent or more starch 

 on a dry basis, of which 16 showed by their high starch content, thick liquor, 

 hardness of the peas, prominence of the cotyledons, and low water content 

 that they were either " soaked peas " or overmature peas of inferior quality. 



" The larger, more mature peas contain the most actual nutriment, a can 

 of ' marrowfats ' supplying 385 calories, a can of ' petits pois ' 157 calories. The 

 cost of 100 calories in the ' marrowfats ' is 2.9 cts., in the ' petits pois ', 12.1 cts." 



Lead was not found with positive certainty in any sample. Copper was found 

 in 14 samples, all of foreign packing, the amount ranging from 8 to 67 mg. 



