640 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD, 



The wheat industry and particularly its organization in France, L. Gou- 

 MEB (Le Commerce du B16 et 8p6cialemeiit de son Organisaiioii en France. 

 Poitiers, 1909, pp. 231). — This thesis gives in part 1 a historical sketch of the 

 commerce in wheat, in part 2 an account of the modern organization of the 

 wheat industry in France, and in part 3 descriptions of the industry in the 

 United States, Russia, and Argentina as exporting countries and of England 

 and Germany as importing countries. 



At the present time France is regarded as holding a unique position among 

 nations in that so far as wheat is concerned she provides her own needs only. 

 The tariff protective system, it is maintained, has enabled France to develop 

 agriculture advantageously to the country as a whole, and it is prophesied that 

 under a wise protective policy in the future that country will become a wheat- 

 exporting nation. 



A bibliography of French literature on the subject is included. 



The distinguishing characters of the seeds of quack-grass and of certain 

 wheat-grasses, F. H. Hillman (U. 8. Dept. Agr., Bur. Plant Indus, Circ. 73, 

 pp. 9, figs. 7). — The author finds that quaclv-grass seed is a common impurity 

 of awnless brome-gi'ass {Bromiis inermds) and certain other commercial seeds, 

 especially those imported from Europe. "The most evident identifying char- 

 acters of quack-grass and wheat-grass seeds appear in the spikelets and their 

 glumes." Directions are given for distinguishing seeds of quack-grass {Agro- 

 pyron repens), slender wheat-grass {A. tenerum), and western wheat-grass 

 {A. occidentaJe), from those of brome-grass. 



Injurious weeds common in South Dakota, C. Willis and W. L. Burlison 

 {Sonth Dakota Sta. Circ. 1, pp. 16, figs. 6). — This circular deals with the Russian 

 thistle, Canada thistle, wild oats, quack grass, wild buckwheat, and pigeon 

 grass, discussing the damage done to crops, and suggesting remedies. 



Seed inspection (Maine Sta. Off. Insp. 28, pp. 125-lItO). — ^A discussion of 

 seed analysis is followed by tables stating the results of purity tests of samples 

 taken in 1910 and the frequency of occurrence in these samples of each of SI 

 kinds of weed seed. 



Testing farm seeds in the home and in the rural school, F. H. Hillman 

 {U. S. Dept. Agr., Farmers" Bui. ff2S, pp. //7, figs. 32). — A discussion of seed 

 trade conditions and the purposes of seed tests is followed by detailed direc- 

 tions for making purity and germination tests on each of the principal kinds 

 of grass, grain, and clover seeds, and fot- making or securing the apparatus 

 used. 



HORTICTJLTUEE. 



The manuring of market-garden crops, B, Dyer and F. "W. E. Shrivell 

 {London, 1910, new ed. rev., pp. l^Jf, pis. 22). — The authors have been conduct- 

 ing manuring experiments with vegetables and fruit crops for the past 17 

 years, the experiments with a number of these crops having run through the 

 whole period. The results for the first 7 years, with an outline of the experi- 

 ments, have been previously noted (E. S. R., 14, p. 961), and the present report 

 summarizes the results secured for various periods during the 16 years ended 

 in 1909 with cauliflower, cabbage, Brussels sprouts, lettuce, globe artichokes, 

 Jerusalem artichokes, carrots, parsnips, celery, spinach, beet roots, rhubarb, 

 potatoes, onions, leeks, asparagus, lucern, beans, peas, gooseberries, currants, 

 raspberries, plums, strawberries, apples, and cobnuts. 



In most cases recommendations are given for manuring the crops, except that 

 in the case of the tree fruits the experiments have not been continued sufficiently 

 long to warrant general conclusions. The results of the experiments as a 



