614 EXPERIMENT STATION EECOED. 



whicli it is possible to make rapidly tlie more important calculations required in 

 the lioney mead industry. 



The manufacture of cane sugar, L. Jones and F. I. Scard (London, 1D09, 

 pp. XIX+454, pi. 1, figs. 2If-'i). — This publication is intended as a guide for 

 those who are connected directly or indirectly with the cane-sugar industry, 

 otherwise than in a technical capacity. It treats of the botany, chemistry, and 

 diseases of sugar ; the crushing of the canes and extraction of the juice ; acces- 

 sories and their functions ; multiple mills, their work and arrangement ; clarifi- 

 cation, filtration, and concentration of the juice; crystallization; purification of 

 the sugar crystals ; scientific control of the factory ; steam generation ; and the 

 by-products of sugar. 



The manufacture of milk sugar from whey, T. Aufsberg (Cliem. Ztg., 31^ 

 {1910), Iso. 09, p. SS5). — ^A description of a process in which the whey is con- 

 centrated in vacuum pans, and the sugar allowed to crystallize, removed with a 

 centrifuge, and purified. The second mother liquors may be utilized as a ferti- 

 lizer, for producing lactic acid, or for a conserve simulating meat extract. 



Production of casein in Russia, J. H. Grout {Daily Cons, and Trade Rpts. 

 [TJ. 8.1 n. ser., 1 {1910), No. 49, p. 653).— A description of the method of sepa- 

 rating casein from skim milk, its market value, and the present status of the 

 industry. 



The significance of fluorin compounds for the preservation of wood, J. 

 Netzsch {Naturw. Ztschr. Forst u. Landw., 8 {1910), No. 8, pp. 377-389).— This 

 is a study of the antiseptic action of the various fluorids for wood pi'eservation. 

 particularly the relation of this action to the chemical composition of the 

 various fluorids. The tests were conducted chiefly with Coninphora cercbella 

 and the following fluorin compounds : Simple fluorids, acid fluorids, the silicates, 

 titanates, and the cryolith-like fluorin combinations. 



How wood is artificially aged, H. Wislicenus {Ztschr. Angew. Chem., 23 

 {1910), No. 31, pp. l-'iJil-WiG ; 8ci. Amer. Sup., 70 {1910), No. 1815, pp. 250, 

 251). — After discussing the various methods for artificially aging wood, the 

 author describes a method for the humin coloring of wood by soil gases which 

 he considers a decided improvement over previous methods. 



Indixstrial alcohol: Sources and manufacture, H. W. Wiley, revised by 

 H. E. Sawyer {U. 8. Dept. Agr., Farmers' Bui. 429, pp. 32, figs. 3).— This is a 

 revised edition of Farmers' Bulletin 268 (E. S. E., 18, p. 684), and embodies in 

 nontechnical language much of the matter previously noted in Bulletin 130 of 

 the Bureau of Chemistry (E. S. R., 22, p. 516). The conclusions drawn are the 

 following : 



" It is apparent that the business of distilling alcohol is one which calls for 

 a considerable investment and no small degree of technical skill. It can not 

 be conducted advantageously, from a commercial point of view, in very small 

 plants on account of the proportionately high cost of the plant and of labor; 

 and many of the so-called ' wastes ' which have been suggested as fermentable 

 raw materials are so poor in fermentable substance or so expensive to handle 

 that their availability is thereby impaired. It seems that the business, to be 

 productive of satisfactory returns, must be conducted on a fairly large scale, 

 and that the best success is likely to be attained with raw materials of the 

 general types already in use, namely, maize, potatoes, and molasses. The in- 

 dustry is not suited to every locality, and it is most likely to be successful if 

 carried on systematically on a very large farm, or if supported by the joint 

 interests of a fairly large community. The alluring statements sometimes made 

 regarding large financial returns to be obtained by making industrial alcohol 

 with waste raw material, unskilled labor, and a 'cheap' distilling outfit are 

 misleading and can only result in loss if followed." 



