660 EXPERIMENT STATION EECORD. 



earlier and probably ranges from July 4 to 10. Band records for 1909 and 1910 

 at Guelyli show that the largest number of larvae emerge between August 21 

 and 31, twice as many having left the fruit in this period as in any other 

 period of equal length. Of 438 larvae of the first brood collected from under 

 bauds on trees at Guelph between July 11 and September 1, 35 or 8 per cent 

 developed and emergetl as moths, but as other larvse had not left the fruit by 

 September 1, the author is of the opinion that 5 or 6 per cent would be nearer 

 the average number that transform there in the fall. These change to pupae in a 

 week or so after spinning up and about 2 weeks later emerge as moths and lay 

 eggs for a second brood of larvse. August 1 in 1909 and July 29 in 1910 were 

 the dates of earliest emergence of the new brood of moths from the Niagara 

 district, while at Guelph they did not appear until about a week later. At 

 Stoney Creek 3 newly laid eggs of the second brood were found on August 4 

 at which time all the first-brood eggs had apparently hatched and the last larvae 

 had entered the fruit. In summarizing observations made at Guelph, it is 

 found that the maximum time as a larva in the cocoon was 11 days, the mini- 

 mum 5, and the average 8 ; the maximum time as pupa 21 days, the minimum 

 14, and the average nearly IS ; and the maximum total time in the cocoon 28 days, 

 the minimum 24, and the average 25^. At Guelph the last larva pupated on 

 August 5 and emerged August 30. In well-sprayed orchards nearly all the 

 second brood larvae enter from the side, as those that attempt to enter at the 

 calyx end are killed by the arsenical ; in unsprayed orchards it is estimated 

 that an average of about 50 per cent enter by the calyx. 



In examinations made during the spring as high as 90 per cent of the larvae 

 have been found to be destroyed by natural enemies, the chief of which are 

 birds, beetle larvae {Tenehrioides sp. ) and diseases. This teuebriouid larva was 

 observed attacking both larvae and pupae, the number destroyed being quite 

 large. About 5 per cent of the larvae were found in the spring to have been 

 destroyed by disease, and a number are also thus destroyed while inside the 

 fruit during the growing season. A small red mite was also observed feeding 

 upon the eggs. 



A general discussion of control measures Includes brief statements of results 

 obtained from spraying in sev^'al orchards. The author concludes that one 

 thorough application immediately after the blossoms fall is quite sufiicient for 

 any part of the Province, except Niagara and other districts of about the same 

 temperature, where a second application should be given 3 weeks after the 

 blossoms fall. 



The traubenwicklers during fall and winter, J. Dewitz {Ber. K. Lchranst. 

 Wein, Ohst u. Gartenhau GeiscnJicini, 1909, pi). 201-237, figs. 6). — The literature 

 relating to the grai^e-berry moths or leaf rollers Cochylis ambiguella and 

 Polychrosis {Eudemis) botrana is reviewed and a bibliography appended. 



Notes on a horn-feeding lepidopterous larva from. Africa, A. Busck 

 {Smithsn. Misc. Collect., 56 (1910), No. 8, pp. 2, pis. 2). — These notes include 

 photographs which show the larval tubes of Tinea vastella upon the hoi'ns of a 

 water antelope (Cobus sp.). collected in British East Africa. 



Mosquito extermination in Shang'hai, A. Stanley (Pub. Health [London], 

 23 (1910), No. 10, pp. 379, 380).— It is stated that a special staff, which was 

 organized in 1909 for mosquito extermination, succeeded in diminishing mos- 

 quitoes in numbers estimated at from 25 to 75 per cent. 



Factors in the transmission and prevention of malaria in the Panama 

 Canal Zone, S. T. Darling (Ann. Trop. Bled, and Par., J, (1910), No. 2, pp. 179- 

 223). — This paper includes descriptions of the 12 species of anopheline mos- 

 quitoes that have been collected in the Canal Zone during the last 5 years, and 



