ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY. . 661 



accounts of methods of collecting larvae, feeding and breeding out mosquitoes 

 and care of mosquitoes after feeding, biting and infecting experiments, estima- 

 tion of gametes, method of examining for zygotes and siwrozoites, a descrip- 

 tion of the malarial parasite in the mosquito, notes on the bionomics of 

 anophelines, the effect of salt or sea water on anopheline larvae, experiments 

 with larvacides, agents destructive to vegetation, grass and algte, and screening 

 of various meshes, the relative value of wire screening of various composition, 

 based on practical tests and chemical analyses, etc. See also a previous note 

 (E. S. R., 23, p. 561). 



" The period of incubation of the ova of Cellia alUmana, Anopheles pseud'o- 

 puncUpennis, and Arnbalzagia (?) malefactor was estimated as about 36 hours 

 under the laboratory conditions. . . . The larval period varies with the species, 

 food, efficient temperature, sunlight, and environment. . . . Mosquitoes bit when 

 not more than 20 hours old. ... A virgin specimen of Stcgoini/ia calopus has 

 lived for 110 days. . . . When virgin anophelines have been given 1 or 2 blood 

 meals 2 or 3 days after emerging they have lived as long as 16 days. . . . Raisins 

 and dates with water furnished the best food for anophelines in confinement. . . . 

 If there be given 1 blood meal the ova may develop even in virgins kept out of 

 contact with males. . . . Some anophelines, under stress of circumstances, may 

 breed in very brackish water. ... It was found that crude carbolic acid, having 

 a specific gravity not greater than 0.96 or 0.97 and containing about 20 per cent 

 of phenols or tar acids, when made into soap with common resin and an alkali 

 yielded a product which was an ideal larvacide, having excellent difCusing and 

 toxic powers, and at the same time a very efficient germicide." 



The rice mag-got, J. S. Collier ( In Report of Itwestigations Coticeming Rice. 

 Stuttgart, Arlc, 1910, pp. 13-16, figs. //).— The author reports that about 8 per 

 cent of the 8,000 acres of rice grown in Arkansas County, Ark., in 1910, were 

 seriously affected by rice maggots. The pest appears when the rice is about 6 

 in. high and may work on rice of the Honduras variety until the middle of 

 August, The maggots live about 1 in. below the surface of the soil, feeding 

 upon the roots. 



From the experiments here reported, it is concluded that "moving water 

 does not seem to be as favorable a condition for the maggots as stagnant 

 water. Rainwater when left stagnant seems to be a better condition for 

 the rice maggot than pumped water if it is also stagnant. Land plowed late 

 in the fall and thoroughly dried in the spring before the rice is sowed and the 

 water pumped on it, seemed to have less maggots than land plowed in the 

 spring, especially if wet. Over 3 in. of water seems to be, or produces, a 

 better condition for greater numbers and greater ravages of the maggot." 



An insect pest of cacao in Uganda (Agr. News [Barbados], 10 (1911), No. 

 228, p. 26, figs. 2). — ^A brief account is given of observations of the life history 

 of the cacao fruit fly (Ceratitis jninctata) made by C. C. Gowdey. Control 

 measures consist of the use of a sweetened arsenical made of 3 lbs. of sugar, 

 i lb. arsenate of lead, and 5 gal. of water. 



The development of a green bottle fly, Mary O. Allen (Ent. Netos, 21 

 (1910), No. 9, pp. 4 /i-y,i8).— Studies of the life history and habits of this fly 

 extending over a period of 4 summers are reported. 



Trypanosomes and tsetse flies, D. Bruce et al. (Proc. Roy. Soc. [London], 

 8er. B, 82 (1910). No. B 556, pp. 368-388; abs. in Sleeping Sickness Bur. [Lon- 

 don] Bui., 2 (1910), No. 11, pp. i55-i6i).— Previously noted from another 

 source (B. S. R., 24, p. 60). 



Notes on the warble fly of the reindeer, CEdeniagena tarandi, G. H. Car- 

 penter (Jour. Econ. Biol., 5 (1910), No. //, pp. 1^9-156, i)l. 1, figs. J2).— Biolog- 



