690 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



run as higli as 350,000 acres, while small holdings are made up in many 

 instances of many widely separated parcels of land. This latter feature of the 

 Spanish land tenure system is regarded as seriously detrimental to the eco- 

 nomic welfare of the peasant class. 



Long--terni credit in favor of rural small proprietors, A. Beckerich {Jour. 

 Agr. Prat., n. ser., 20 (1910), No. ^5, pp. 595-509). — This is a discussion from 

 the economic and legal points of view of the main provisions of the law of 

 March 19, 1910: which provides credit for long periods on reasonable terms to 

 small-farm holders in France (E. S. R., 23, p. 292). The conclusion is reached 

 that this law is a valuable supplement to existing homestead laws and will 

 have a tendency to impi'ove the economic condition of small holders and to 

 encourage their remaining on the land. 



Agricultural bank, J. M. Dickinson (War Dept. [TJ. fif.], Spec. Rpt. Philip- 

 pines, 1910, pp. 2't, 25). — ^An account of the business conducted by the Philip- 

 pine agricultural bank since opening October 1, 1908, to June 30, 1910. 



Of 565 applications for loans during this period, 453 were refused, princi- 

 pally on account of defective titles. The total amount loaned was $142,225. 

 The law limits the amount that can be loaned on property to 40 per cent of its 

 value. It is believed that " unless the hank shall establish more agencies at 

 central points where loans can be negotiated with the minimum of expense to 

 borrowers, the utility of the bank will fail or will be confined to a compara- 

 tively small area." 



[Farmers' banks in North Dakota], C. Fritz and W. Lynch {Cooperation 

 [Minneapolis], 2 {1910), No. 8, pp. 32-3^). — Accounts are given of the estab- 

 lishment, development, and success of farmers' cooperative banks at Chaffee 

 and Lidgerwood, N. Dak. The banks are said to be in a very prosperous 

 condition. 



The development of agriculture by organized efEort, E. Davenport (Agr. 

 of Mass., 57 (1909), pp. 27-1/1). — This paper and discussion set forth the 

 advantages of cooi>eration in the selling of fruit, live stock, dairy products, 

 etc., with particular emphasis on the idea that the community rather than the 

 individual should specialize in production. 



It is shown that community specialization and association render the mjivket- 

 ing and selling of agricultural products much easier and result in three 

 advantages, namely: (1) They increase the net retui-ns for any given year, 

 making quite profitable a business which on an individual basis is liable to 

 bring only loss and disappointment; (2) such a community organization, with 

 established reputation and settled business methods, constitutes a kind of per- 

 manent asset to every member; and (3) they insure to every new man seeking 

 to engage in that form of production a reputation, a market for his products, 

 and an assured profit from the first — all of which is an additional asset to the 

 community and a substantial addition to land values. 



Cooperation among farmers — the business side, E. M. Tousley {Ami. Rpt. 

 N. J. B(J. Agr., 37 (1909), pp. 122-138) .—TM?, article treats of the advantages 

 of farmers' cooperative stores for both buying and selling, and of the causes 

 most likely to lead to the failure of such stores. 



Third Transvaal Cooperative Congress, H. K. J. Van Noobden et al. 

 {Transvaal Dept. Agr. Farmers' Bui. 119, pp. 67). — A reix)rt of the proceedings 

 of the congress held at Pretoria April 12-14, 1910. 



The first aid to shipping fruits, vegetables, butter, eggs, and game for 

 profit to market, T. G. Thomas (Houston, Tex., 1910, pp. 98). — This book fur- 

 nishes information for producers on methods of gathering, preparing, packing, 

 and shipping fruits and vegetables, and on preparing and shipping dairy and 

 poultry products and game for successful and profitable marketing. 



