FORESTRY. 47 



is iiiven. (loalinji with the activity and nonrif^bnient of trees and a study of the 

 various tree organs, classification, and nomenclature. 



The commei'cial forest trees of Massachusetts, D. A. Clark (Boston, 1901, 

 I'P. 06, flyti. 76). — This iiamphlet, which was prepared by the author under the 

 direction of F. W'. Kane, State Forester of Massachusetts, is offered by that 

 •State for free distribution with a view of presenting a practical working de- 

 scrii)tion of the conuuercial trees of iNIassachusetts. 



The more important characteristics and distinguishing features of each species 

 are given, together with a brief account of tlieir distribution, range, habit of 

 growth and form, with figures illustrating the winter twigs, leaves, and fruit. 



Forestry from a commercial standpoint, F. W. Rane {[Boston], 1907, pp. 

 16). — A lecture on this subject delivei'ed by the author before the Massachu- 

 setts Ilorticidtural Society, and which is here presented in pamphlet form for 

 general distribution to Massachusetts citizens. The subject matter deals par- 

 ticularly with conditions in Massachusetts and several estimates are given 

 showing the profits to be derived from woodlands under present conditions in 

 that State, including second growth white pine, chestnut, and sprout hard- 

 wood growth, as well as i)lanted woodlands. 



Practical results in basket willow culture, C. D. Mell ( U. 8. Dept. Agr., 

 Forest Sen: Virc. l.'/S, pp. 7). — In this circular results are given of 2 years' 

 tests at the willow holt of the Forest Service, located on the Depai-tment ex- 

 perimental farm at Arlington, Va., in growing standard European basket wil- 

 lows under different methods of management. The varieties tested include 

 Welsh or purple, Lemley, patent Lemley, and American green or almond, and 

 have been described in a previous bulletin (E. S. R., 16, p. IGl). 



Tests were made on two phases of willow culture, spacing and cutting. The 

 results are presented in tabular form and discussed. The following important 

 facts were brought out by the experiments : Wide spacing was found greatly 

 to decrease the number and total weight^of rods for a given area and to increase 

 the weight of individual rods; close spacing greatly retards the growth of 

 weeds; spacing has little effect on the proportion of bark to wood or on the 

 length of the best rods, but wide spacing lowers the production of unbranched 

 rods; cutting below the surface of the ground lowers the quality of the rods 

 and decreases the productivity of the stools. 



Large samples of bark from all the willows on the experimental farm were 

 analyzed by the Bureau of Chemistry of this Department. The tannin content 

 was found to be comparatively large, ranging from 8.75 per cent in the Welsh 

 variety to 11.38 per cent in the American green, from which it is concluded that 

 willow bark may prove a valuable source of tannin. Brief suggestions are also 

 given relative to the marketing of willow rods. 



Yield tables for the spruce and beech of Switzerland; P. Fluey (Mitt. 

 Schweiz. Ccntralanst. Forstl. Vcrsuchsw., 9 (1907), pp. Til + 290 -{- 55, pis. 7, 

 map 1). — The yield tables here presented are based upon statistical data col- 

 lected from Snti pure stand experimental areas of spruce and of beech estab- 

 lished and directed by the Swiss forestry experiment station and located in 

 various State, communal, corporation, and private forest areas in the hill lands 

 and mountain regions "of Switzerland. The first of these experimental areas 

 was established about 18 years ago, and most of them have been thinned for 

 the second or third time. 



The first part of the work is devoted to a detailed account, with explanatory 

 tables, relative to the individual experimental areas and methods of gathering 

 the data. Parts 2 and 3 contain detailed tabulated descripticms. and various 

 It'liiug results of the individual experimental areas, together with computed 

 yield and accretion tables for different age and quality classes of spruce and 



