90 EXPERIMENT STATION HEC(JRI). 



tlii' Virginia State Ilorl iciil1iir.il Society at its int'etin^' held at Staunton, Va., 

 December r>, 1!)UT. 



The paper deals with the personal efforts in northern Europe of the State 

 commissioner of agriculture to induce farm laborers to emigrate to Virginia and 

 of the results of the undertaking. In two seasons some five or six hundred per- 

 sons had been located on \'irginia farms, about SO per cent of whom were doing 

 well. " There are now a thousand or more applications in my office for farm 

 labor that we can not till. The work . . . shows a great demand for farm 

 labor in the State of Virginia. "We have about 125,000 farmers in Virginia, and 

 about half of them want some help." 



The Hungarian farm labor problem {Wiener Landw, Ztij., '>8 {W()8), No. 

 26, p. 269). — The writer shows that whereas during 1897 there were 14.;>10 emi- 

 grants from Hungary, the year 1906 showed 178,170, and that of the latter about 

 23,000 were peasant proprietors and 76,000 farm and day laborers. The wages 

 of farm help has doubled during the past 15 years, and even if farm labor were 

 available no remedy could be afforded by offering an increase in wages as they 

 are as high now as the majority of farmers can afford to pay. The recent re- 

 turn of so many emigrants from the United States and other countries brought 

 no remedy to farmers as the majority located and sought employment in indus- 

 trial centers. The future outlook for agriculture in Hungary, therefore, is 

 regarded as serious. 



The agricultural holdings act, 1906, A. P. Poley {Jour. Roy. Agr. Soc. 

 England, 6S {1907), pp. 1-16). — This is a discussion of the main provisions of 

 t4ie act which goes into operation on January 1, 1909. The features discussed 

 relate (1) to those alterations in the law which amend preceding agricultural 

 holdings acts, particularly the act of 1900, and (2) to those sections of the act 

 which embody the ideas of the schood of agricultural reformers responsible for 

 its inception. The topics of interest to landlords and tenants relate to arbitra- 

 tion, repairs to buildings, record of holding, amendment of market gardeners 

 compensation act, freedom of cropping, compensation for unreasonable disturb- 

 ance, and compensation for damage by game. 



The creation of small holdings under the act of 1907, Mrs. Roland 

 WiLKLNs {.Tour. B(l. Agr. [London], i.7 {1908), No. 1, pp. 1-7). — This is a dis- 

 cussion of the natural, market, and other conditions which are necessary to the 

 successful extension of small holdings in England. 



The cooperative association movement relating to the grain industry in 

 the United States, H. L. Kudloff {Fiihling's Landw. Ztg., 57 {1908), No. 9, 

 pp. 321-33.'/). — The author discusses the origin, purpose, and development of 

 several associations and cooperative societies in the United States with particu- 

 lar reference to the production, storing, grading, and marketing of wheat. 

 Among the societies historically sketched ai'e the Grange or Patrons of Hus- 

 bandry, National Grain Dealers' Association, National Farmers' Alliance and 

 Industrial Association, National Grain Growers' Association, Northwestern In- 

 dependent and Farmers' Elevator Association, and the Cooperative Commission 

 Company. 



It is the author's opinion that the farmers of the northwest lack in the spirit 

 of solidarity which has been so helpful in promoting agricultural cooperation 

 in Europe. The spread of cooperation among grain producers it is thought 

 would promote still more the advantages of increased prices already accruing 

 to farmers as a result of this movement. 



Agricultural mutual societies, H. Leraille {Fermcs et Chateaux, Jf {1908), 

 No. 33. pp: 232-23.'i, figs. 7).- — This is a discussion of the origin and pi'ogress of 

 mutual insurance and credit societies in France, including the underlying princi- 

 ples of organization, operation, assessment^ payment of losses, etc. 



