AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION. 93 



is made of the fmctioual recipe or iiulividiuil method witli small amuiuitis ui' 

 materials and the group method with large amounts. The former method is 

 favored by many. Active teachers agree that the school kitchen should not be 

 expected to produce cooks any more than the manual training school should be 

 expected to turn out fully equipped carpenters or machinists. 



School gardening, Lucy K. Latter {Troih Agr. and May. Ceylon, Agr. /S'oc, 

 30 (J DOS). Ao. 2, pp. J5o-1o8). — In considering the place of school gardening in 

 education the author states that a great deal of confusion and disappointment 

 has resulted from the fact that people have not realized the difference between 

 the tvro points of view from which gardening may be considered, viz, as a direct 

 aim in itself and simply as a means toward a given end. " Experience proves 

 that nature teaching or gardening should be the center point of all the other 

 work of any school children up to at least 9 years of age, and it should certainly 

 have a large place in the work of schools for scholars of more advanced age." 

 The author describes the gardening work at her own school, in which the chil- 

 dren are taken in small groups for work. It has been found that 8 or 10 chil- 

 dren are all that one teacher can direct advantageously unless it be in such 

 t operations as weeding and watering. With .50 or 60 children the work becomes 

 overorganized and its value is lost in drill. 



School g-ardening- at Greenville. Ohio, W. S. Rowe {Ohio Ed. Mo., J7 (1908), 

 No. 2, pp. .'i9-56, figa. 2). — An account of the motives prompting the experiment, 

 interest awakened in the homes, provision for ground, tools, and seed, the 

 thoughtful planning and careful direction required, the vacation work (essen- 

 tially truck gardening), the class of pupils electing the truck gardening, some 

 problems which had to be solved, a device to keep up interest and enthusiasm, 

 the cost of garden and its ample returns, and the economic, educational, and 

 other results. 



Arbor day — the American spring festival, W. C. Lee {Forestry and Irrig., 

 U'l {1908), Xo. .'f. pp. 201-200. figs. J). — An account of Arbor Day observance in 

 different States and what it has accomplished. 



The farm hoys' encampment, S. il. .Jordan {Mo. Bd. Agr. Spec. Bid., 1901, 

 Dec pp. 21, figs. o). — This is an account of an encampment of farm boys on 

 Glenview Farm, near McCurry, Mo., August 19-23, at which a corn show was 

 held and entertainment and instruction were given. The instruction was on 

 breeding and cultivating corn and demonstration of implements. 



Proceedings of the spring meeting of Farmers' Annual Normal Institute 

 and State Board of Agriculture, A. L. Martin {Penn. Depf. Agr. Bui. 161, 

 pp. 210. figs. 9). — This l)u]letin includes the addresses and discussions at the 

 meeting of the Pennsylvania State Board of Agriculture. Allentown. Pa.. June 

 4, 1907. Among the addresses relating to-agricultural education are the fol- 

 lov»-ing: The Successful Farmer's Education, by W. S. Owens, and Rural Edu- 

 cation, by A. C. True. 



Bird life: Its relations to the farmer. T. H. Scheffer {Industrialist, Agr. 

 Ed. Scr., 1 {1901). Xo. .5. pp. 81-106, figs. 11,). — A study of bird life, in which 

 the following phases are considered : Place of birds in the animal kingdom, 

 their external structure and other structural features, their classification, the 

 object of ])ird study, birds in their general relations to farm crops, migration, 

 I'-ird diaries, winter birds, some of our useful birds, birds of doubtful value, 

 food habits, l)irds and the balance of power, natural enemies of birds, man as 

 an enemy, nests and nesting, notes and colors, protecting and encouraging the 

 birds, and how to study a bird. A list of reference material is appended. 



The story of cotton, Mary C. P.reex {Hampton Leaflets, a. ser.. If {1908), 

 Xo. -'f, iJiJ, 24, fi'ja- '•-)i — This circular is intended for the use of teachers and 



