162 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



ami AVenatcliee are ivi)orto(l in eoiillnualioii of previDUs work (E. S. R., 10, p. 



nnn). 



A (Inst spray of Paris greon and linio 1 •.20 iirovod inferior to arsenate of lead 

 and is believed to be unreliable in an excessively wormy orchard. In some 

 cases from 20 to 40 per cent of wormy apples were found after its use, and on 

 other trees completely free from worms there was a large proportion of badly 

 distorted apples, the amount of distortion being directly proportional to the 

 amount of dust api»lied, and no distortion being apparent on adjacent llrpiid 

 sprayed trees. 



Spraying with arsenate of lead with gasoline power sprayers at ISO to 200 lbs. 

 pi-essure and with extension rods fitted with Bordeaux nozzles set at an angle 

 of about 4.5° gave in seriously infested orchards 1)0 per cent of clean fruit. 

 A test of different brands of arsenate of lead confirmed earlier conclusions that 

 " success depends not so much on a correct formula, nor, with the exception of 

 the first spraying, on the exact timing of the sprayings, but altogether on the 

 manner in which the spraying is done." 



Thoi'ough spraying with arsenate of lead 1 : 50 at high pressure, begun when 

 about 85 i)ei' cent of the petals have fallen, with a coarse spray with bent nozzle, 

 followed by a second spraying in one week. Is recommended. 



Spraying' for the codling' moth, A. L. Melander (WasJiiiigfon Sta. Popular 

 Bui. 5, pp. 7, flg. /). — Popular directions based on the above and earlier publica- 

 tions of the station are given with special reference to spraying materials and 

 spraying outfits, and the time, manner, and rationale of spraying. 



Annihilating' the codling moth, A. L. Melander (Ent. News, 19 (1908), No. 

 1, pp. 11-13). — A brief historical outline is given of the improvements which 

 have been made in the methods for combating the codling moth. In the recent 

 tests at the Washington Station, 98 per cent of the codling moths have been 

 destroyed by spraying alone. The author believes that the best method of 

 operation is to spray only once for the early brood. Arsenate of lead is the 

 best insecticide and should be applied abundantly in a coarse spray with a 

 power sprayer. 



Spraying for codling worm, H. A. Gossard (Ohio Sta. Bui. 191, pp. 103-125, 

 pi. 1, figs. 23). — The experiments reported were conducted chiefly to determine 

 whether the drenching sprays advocated for the Western States could be profit- 

 ably used in the eastern sections. The economic value of soap and other 

 materials added to the spray as " stickers," the number and time of applica- 

 tions, and the selection of arsenicals were also studied. An orchard of about 

 325 trees near Amherst was used, the trees averaging 20 ft. or more in height. 



When arsenate of lead was compared with Paris green for a first application 

 the proportions of sound fruit were respectively 96.39 and 96.72 per cent, but 

 the results are not deemed conclusive. Substituting 1 qt. sodium arsenite 

 solution for li lbs. arsenate of lead in the solution gave as good results and 

 considerably reduced the cost. No marked advantage was obtained from the 

 use of soap, and it is not believed that the addition of soap or other stickers 

 to lead arsenate solution is profitable for apples. 



Slightly more sound apples were obtained by the use of straight spraying 

 rods than by crooked rods, but the latter are considered to promote economy of 

 materials and to be a mechanical convenience. Practically no difference in 

 results was noted from the use of coarse and fine nozzles, but as the former 

 required about 50 per cent more materials their use is not recommended. 



The average of picked sound fruit at harvest on all sprayed ti-ees of which 

 records were kept was over 95 per cent, while the same average for the un- 

 sprayed trees was less than 58 per cent. " The net profit from spraying an 

 average sized tree from 12 to 20 years old throughout one season at a total 



