182 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



where a high-grade starch is required. In all of the tests we have had made 

 not a single adverse report has been received." 



The pitting or pulping- of olives, R. Marcille {Bui. Agr. Algerie et Tunisie, 

 J't (1908), iV'o.s-. 6, pp. I'i6-150; 7, pp. 161-168).— It is stated that i-enioving the 

 pits from the pulp of olives before pressing somewhat improves the quality of 

 the oil, but the increased financial return for such improvement does not pay 

 tor the actual cost of the operation. 



Vegetable butter, G. Cornalba (Coltiratore, 5.'i (1908), No. 16, pp. //87- 

 .^90). — Vegetable fat known as karite, obtained from BarMa hutlrracea, and 

 which is used to some extent as an adulterant in butter, is discussed. The con- 

 stants given are saponification number 175, iodin number 19, and Ileichert- 

 Meissl number 2.6. (See also a note on p. 151 of this issue.) 



Extraction of beeswax, F. C. Alford (Colorado 8ta. Bui. 129, pp. 3-lJf). — 

 The results of experiments on various methods of extracting beeswax are 

 reported, solar extractors in which the heat of the sun is utilized for melting 

 the wax, three kinds of steam extractors and those employing pressure under 

 water at a temperature sufficiently high to melt the wax, being compared. The 

 latter method was employed using water alone, and also with the addition of 

 diluted sulphuric acid. 



Heating with diluted sulphuric acid and pressing under water gave the highest 

 results, the steam extractors giving the next best results and the solar extract- 

 ors the lowest. The results obtained by the use of the steam extractors were 

 increased somewhat by using artificial heat in connection therewith. In con- 

 clusion the author states : " From the results of these experiments and my own 

 experience in handling bees and rendering wax I believe that it is best for the 

 average bee keeper to have a large solar wax extractor, heated by some artificial 

 heat, by means of which most of the wax in the lighter colored combs, cappings, 

 and burr combs may be easily rendered. The dark combs may also be treated 

 in this manner and the slumgum stored in barrels until the bee keeper has time 

 to treat it with dilute sulphuric acid and press under water. This method is 

 quick and efficient. If the wax has to be refined it can be done by heating, 

 while inclosed in a canton flannel sack, with a solution containing 5 per cent 

 of hydrogen peroxid and 2 to 5 per cent of sulphuric acid. Both of these chem- 

 icals can be bought at the ordinary drug store. The common kind, commercial, 

 should be used." 



Technology of fats and oils, G. Hefter (Technologie der Fette und 6le. 

 Berlin, 1908, pp. IX+97-'i, jjIs, 19, figs. 155). — The second volume of a handbook 

 on the production and preparation of fats, oils, and waxes of plant and animal 

 origin. A rather extensive discussion is included of the history, source, raw 

 materials, preparation, characteristics, uses, and commercial and agricultural 

 importance of these products. 



VETERINARY MEDICINE. 



Therapeutic technique, W. Schlampp (Therapetitische Technilc. Stuttgart, 

 1901, vol. 2, pt. 1, pp. 31Jf, figs. 88).— In the first volume of this work (E. S. R., 

 17, p. 1111), a discussion was given of the therapeutic methods applicable to 

 the skin of domestic animals. In the present volume a discussion is given of 

 the therapy of the alimentary tract. The subject matter is classified according 

 to the part of the alimentary tract to which the various medicines are to be 

 applied. The methods discussed by the author include washes and applications 

 by means of a brush to the mouth and pharynx and the various means of giving 

 medicines by way of the mouth. 



