184 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



giant cells. In addition to these changes the author observed many acidophile 

 granulations and horse-shoe-like free nuclei. 



In mice which have been previously treated with serum essentially the same 

 changes were observed but in nnich less marked form. 



The latency of tetanus spores in the animal organism, M. Canfoka {Centbl. 

 Bakt. [ctc.\, J. Abt., Orig., .',5 {1!)07), No. 6, pp. .'i'J5-501). — If an infection with 

 tetanus is produced in the animal organism, tetanus cultures may be obtained 

 from the blood after death. This demonstrates that the tetanus bacillus may 

 become widely distributed throughout the organism. If tetanus cultures are 

 heated to a temperature of 70 to 7.5° C. to destroy the toxin and vegetative 

 form of the bacillus and then inoculated subcutaneously, the spores become 

 distributed throughout the organism and may be found in the blood within a 

 few hours. During the first 10 to 1.3 days they are found in the blood circu- 

 lation, after which they may occur in the liver, spleen, kidneys, bone marrow, 

 lymphatic glands, etc., where they persist in a latent state. In the later 

 stage the blood is sterile. The spores may create an infection by coming in 

 contact with a wound produced after inoculation. Apparently the spores are 

 not excreted by the kidneys but are destroyed by the animal organism. 



The relation of the mouse typhoid bacillus to the system of typhoid coli 

 bacilli, 1*. LoTzEK {Vher die stcUidiy dcs inausvtuphusbaciUus im system ti/pJiiis- 

 coU. Iiiuiig. Diss. Univ. Bern, 1907, pp. 33). — From the experience of the 

 author and other investigators, it appears necessary to observe considerable 

 care in the use of cultures of mouse typhoid bacilli for the purpose of eradi- 

 cating these animals. In Japan and elsewhere serious consequences have 

 resulted to human beings from the careless use of cultures of mouse typhoid 

 bacilli. In one instance 120 persons were affected and in another 30 suffered 

 a fatal infection from these bacilli. The observations of the author indicate a 

 very close relationship between the bacillus of mouse typhoid, the paratyphoid 

 bacillus, and the bacillus of meat poisoning. 



The pathogenic effects of human viruses, L. Cobbett (Roy. C'^-m. Tubercu- 

 losis, ticcond Interim Rpt.. 2 (1907), pt. 2, App., pp. VII + 1217, pis. 26).— Sys- 

 tematic experiments were carried on with tubercle virus obtained from 03 human 

 patients. During the progress of the experimental work the virus was tested 

 on cattle, rabbits, guinea pigs, goats, pigs, apes, monkeys, dogs, cats, rats, mice, 

 and fowls. The history of each strain of virus is given in detail and the clin- 

 ical lesions produced in the various experimental animals are elaborately 

 presented. The illustrations used in this connection are of striking excellence. 

 The methods of infection employed included both injection and feeding. 



In the majority of cases injections were made both with emulsions of tubercu- 

 losis tissue and with cultures. The emulsions were made as a rule from human 

 tuberculous lesions, but when such material was not available in sufficient 

 quantity, guinea pigs were first injected and emulsions were prepared from their 

 tuberculous tissue. Careful estimates were made of the number of tubercle 

 bacilli contained in the doses of emulsion. As a result of the long continued 

 experiments reported by the author, it seems necessary to differentiate quite 

 sharply between two classes of human tubei'cle bacilli, one of which in doses 

 of the usual size produces rapidly fatal generalized tuberculosis in calves and 

 various other animals, while the other class of virus causes only localized or 

 minute lesions even when injected in large doses. The more virulent type of 

 tubercle bacilli was found capable of producing generalized tuberculosis in 

 cattle, goats, pigs, monkeys, chimpanzee, rabbits, guinea pigs, and dogs. Cats 

 appeared to be somewhat more resistant and no infection was caused by 

 inoculation of fowls. 



