186 EXPERIMENT STATION KECOKl). 



found possible to cause mori)bological t-liauges in tubercle bacilli obtained frou" 

 different sources. Thus the giant branched and club-slmi)ed forms were found 

 ^lot to be characteristic alone of the tubercle bacillus obtained from birds 

 These forms are found not only iu old cultui*es of mammalian tubercle bacilli 

 but may be observed in fresh cultures subjected to the intiuence of an elevatioi. 

 of temperature or of the pressure of 2i atmospheres. The author considers that 

 his work has thrown in question the boundary lines which have been proposed 

 between the forms of tul)ercle bacilli observed in niiui. animals, and birds. 



Tubercle bacilli in the meat and apparently healthy lymphatic glands of 

 tuberculous animals, J. Y. Swikkstra {Komntcn in dem Fleische und in 

 inakroskopischcn gcsundcn Lymi)hdiuscn von tuberkulosen Ticren Tuberkel- 

 baziUen vorf Inaug. Diss. Univ. Bern, 1906, pp. 76).— In testing the meat and 

 macroscopically normal glands of tuberculous animals for the presence of tuber- 

 cle bacilli, positive results were obtained in a number of cases both in cattle and 

 hogs. On the basis of these experiments the author recommends that the meat 

 of tuberculous animals should be sterilized in all cases showing a high degree of 

 emaciation, extensive soft foci, fresh infection of the blood, or localization of the 

 tuberculous process in the bones. 



Ophthalmo-reaction to tuberculin, H. Vallee (Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. 

 {Paris], IJfG (lOOS), Ao. S, pp. L'fG-L'fS). — In experiments with this method of 

 diagnosing tuberculosis the author obtained satisfactory results. The position is 

 taken that by means of the ophthalmo-reaction a rapid test is furnished which 

 will assist greatly in detecting frauds which are attempted in the sale of breeding 

 animals. 



The influence of cerebral traumatisni on the reaction of the normal guinea 

 pig to tuberculin, A. Slatineano and D. Danielopol {Vumpt. Rend. Soc. BixA. 

 [Paris], 6't ( 1908), Xo. 2, pp. 89, 90). — The direct injection of tuberculin into the 

 cerebrum of guinea pigs produces an elevation of temperature to the extent of 

 1.5 to 2.5° C. within 1 or 2 hours. Experiments in i)roducing slight injuries in 

 the cerebrum indicate that guinea pigs thus treated are highly susceptible to the 

 action of tul>erculin applied subcutaneously if the injection is made not less 

 than 6 days after the traumatism. 



Immunity toward tuberculosis, S. I. Metalnikoff ( i/c7i. -8'ci. Biol. [St. 

 Petersb.l 13 {1901), No. 2, pp. 169-206). — The experiments of the author with 

 the bee moth have shown that this insect is naturally immune to tuberculosis 

 of warm-blooded animals. Human and bovine tubercle bacilli inoculated into 

 Jbee moths are quickly surrounded and destroyed by the leucocytes. When bee 

 moths are inoculated with tubercle bacilli from fish the bacilli are x-apidly 

 isurrounded by the leucocytes but later they begin to multiply inside of the 

 leucocytes and finally escape into the body fluids causing the death of the bee 

 moths within 3 or 4 days. 



On the basis of these observations a number of immunization experiments 

 were made chiefly with guinea pigs. It appears necessary in producing im- 

 munity to tuberculosis to induce in the blood serum the power of disintegrat- 

 ing the waxy membrane of tubercle bacilli. This may be accomplished to some 

 extent at least by injecting animals with wax obtained from tubercle bacilli 

 after freeing it from other substances. This material possesses immunizing 

 power. 



A plan for eradicating animal tuberculosis, P>. Rogers ( Manhattan, Kans., 

 [1907], pp. 16). — In this pamphlet the author presents a statement of the man- 

 ner in which tuberculosis is ordinarily transmitted from animal to animal and 

 from animal to man. Pai-ticular attention is given to the extensive infection of 

 hogs with tuberculosis as shown by recent statistics from meat inspection. 

 Tuberculosis of swine is apparently due to the ingestion of the tuberculous 



