ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY. 255 



belonging to the group Aculeata of wliich about 400 species are Icnowu in Great 

 Britain. Tlie author discusses the habits and life history of a number of these 

 insects, particularly solitary bees, digger wasps, solitary wasps, social wasps, 

 buuiblcbpes. and ants. 



The book of garden pests, li. H. Pearson {London, 190S, pp. XIII+21.'t, pis. 

 17, figs. 51). — In. the present volume the author attempts to cover the subject 

 of insect pests and fungus diseases affecting garden plants in Great Britain, 

 but not including the pests of forest trees, shrubs, and field crops. Special chap- 

 ters are devoted to insecticides, fungicides, and the pests of tuberous plants, 

 fruit-trees, vegetables, etc. 



Practical remedies for insect pests, H. M. Lefroy {Agr. Jour. India, 2 

 (1007), No. J/, pp. 356-363). — There are a number of important insect pests in 

 India requiring the application of the best modern sanitary methods for their 

 control. It is practically impossible, however, to apply these methods at present 

 for the reason that most of the natives do not ai)preciate the necessity of them. 

 Fortunately a number of simple methods are known for certain pests and these 

 may be applied Avith good results if the cooperation of a considerable neighbor- 

 hood is secui'ed. The stem borer of cotton may be held in check by removing 

 and burning withered plants. Similarly with another cotton pest known as the 

 dusky bug, successful treatment is found in removing the affected bolls. 



Insects injurious to seeds, P. Bargagli {Agr. Colon. [Italy], 1 {1907), No. 

 2, pp. I.'f3-l.'i8, pis. 2). — Brief l)iological notes are given on grain weevils and 

 other insects injurious to wheat, barley, corn, Kafir corn, flat pea, chick-pea, 

 etc. Particular attention is given to the life history of CaryoJjorus pallidits. 



The frit fly {Schiveiz. Samcii Untersuch: u. Versuchsanst. Zurich Flughl., 

 1008, No. 3, pp. 2, figs. 2). — In the region of Zurich the frit fly is considered the 

 most important insect enemy of oats. Brief notes are given on the life history 

 of the pest. It may be controlled by early sowing, deep seeding, the liberal use 

 of fertilizers, fall plowing, and the selection of slender stemmed varieties of oats. 



The codling moth or apple worm, A. L. Quaintance {U. S. Dcpt. Agr. 

 Yearbook 1907, pp. Ji35--'i50, pis. -'/). — An estimated shrinkage in the value of the 

 apple crop of approximately .$12,000,000 annually, and an additional sum of not 

 less than $3,000,000 or $4,000,000 for expenses incurred in its control, is charged 

 to tlie presence of this insect in the apple orchards of the country. The char- 

 acter of the injury, and the life history and habits of the pest, with variations 

 in the number of generations are given. Its natural enemies, artificial methods 

 of control, and benefits obtained therefrom are described. 



The woolly aphis of the pear tree, P. Passy {Rev. Hort. [Paris], 80 {1908), 

 No. .'/, pp. 82, 83, fig. 1). — A brief description is given of the injury caused by 

 woolly aphis to pear trees. The best results in destroying this pest have been 

 obtained from the use of insecticides containing some alcohol, the alcohol being 

 of advantage by intensifying the penetration of the insecticide into the body of 

 the aphis. 



The scale insects of citrus trees, C. W. Howard {Transvaal Agr. Jour., 6 

 {1908), No. 22, pp. 265-277, i)ls. 3, figs. 2). — Descriptive and biological notes are 

 given on a number of scale insects affecting oranges and other citrus trees in the 

 Transvaal. Particular mention is made of Chri/soniplialus aonidum, Lcpido- 

 saphes becJdi, L. glovcrii, Icerya piirchasi, orange aphis, and orange psylla. In 

 suggesting remedies for these pests the author presents formulas for the prepa- 

 ration of resin wash, castor-oil emulsion, soap wash, and kei'osene emulsion. 



The San Jose scale, H. A. Surface {Zool. Bui. Penn. Dept. Agr., 5 {1908), 

 No. 9. pp. 267-296). — It is projiosed to establish a number of demonstration 

 orchards in the fruit-growing regions of I'ennsylvania for the purpose of apply- 

 ing standard remedies for San Jose scale for the benefit of orchardists who may 



