282 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



Investigations on the development of trypanosonies in tsetse flies and 

 other diptera, E. A. Minchin (Quart. Jour. Micros. Sci. [Lomlon], n. ser., 52 

 (1908), No. 206, pp. 159-260, pis. 6, figs. 2).— In the experiments reported by 

 the author attention was given particularly to the natural transmission of 

 sleeping sickness. The only point of interest to the veterinarian concerns the 

 development of trypanosonies in tsetse flies. The trypanosonies were found 

 to begin but not to complete their developmental cycle in the tsetse fly or other 

 biting insets. It is suggested that the life cycles of different trypanosomes may 

 not all follow the same course. 



Baleri, a trypanosomiasis afEecting- animals along' the Nile, G. Bouffard 

 (Ann. Inst. Pasteur, 22 (1908), No. 1, pp. 1-25). — Baleri is a trypanosomiasis 

 which affects horses, asses, and dogs, and is due to infection with Trypanosoma 

 pccaudi. It is widely distributed along the bend of the Nile. Since this 

 disease is transmitted by tsetse flies the question arises whether it is possible 

 to exterminate these insects. Glossina palpalts in the region in question occurs 

 only along those parts of the river where the banlvs are abundantly overgi'own 

 with vegetation and brush.. While the removal of this material would be a 

 serious undertaliing it is regarded as practicable. 



Studies on tuberculosis (Arch. Path. Anat. n. Physiol. [Virchow], 190 (1907), 

 Beiheft, pp. 5-'iJi, pis. 29, flgs. 3). — Immunization of warm-blooded animals 

 against tiiberculosis by means of the tubercle bacilli of cold-blooded animals is 

 discussed upon a historical and experimental basis, by J. Orth and Lydia 

 Rabinowitsch (pp. 1-58). It was found that injections of tubercle bacilli from 

 cold-blooded animals were not always harmless to warm-blooded animals and 

 that the immunity thus produced was of little value. A more or less generalized 

 infection took place in some cases, the development of the disease being slow. 



H. Beitzke gives a report on experiments and observations in the infection 

 of man with bovine tuberculosis. In an examination of 25 generalized cases of 

 tuberculosis in children, 2, or 8 per cent, were found to be due to the bovine 

 tubercle bacillus. There appear to be a number of transition stages in tubercle 

 bacilli lying on the border line of one or the other of the two main types or 

 between the characteristics of these types. Such atypical human tubercle 

 bacilli may be transformed into typical bovine tubercle bacilli by inoculation 

 into cattle. 



E. Klebs discusses in detail the problem of immunization against tuberculosis 

 (pp. 134-195). In attempts to produce immunity in experimental animals by 

 inoculation with tubercle bacilli of low virulence it was found that the weak 

 infection thus produced might entirely disappear, together with all trace of 

 tubercle bacilli. Similar results, however, may ultimately come about from 

 natural infection, for it is occasionally observed that experimental animals 

 inoculated by inhalation of tubercle bacilli ultimately become entirely free from 

 tuberculosis by healing of tuberculous lesions through the natural resisting 

 powers of the animal body. Some beneficial results are also reported from the 

 use of a product called tubercle-soziu, which is said to contain the active 

 principles of the tubercle bacillus without any toxin. 



Spontaneous tuberculosis in monkeys was studied by Lydia Rabinowitsch 

 (pp. 19(5-245). Experiments were made with a considerable variety of apes, 

 using human tubercle bacilli. In nearly all cases the human tubercle bacilli 

 produced typical tuberculous lesions of a generalized character. 



M. Koch and Lydia Rabinowitsch give an extended report on their studies of 

 the relationship between avian and mammalian tuberculosis (pp. 246-541). In 

 the course of this study the authors came to the conclusion that mammalian and 

 avian tubercle bacilli are not distinct species but are varieties of a single species 

 adapted to the two groups of the animal kingdom. Avian tuberculosis in general 



