VETERINARY MEDICINE. 283 



is cliaracterized by lesions of tlie abdominal viscera. Infection ordinarily takes 

 place by means of the alimentary tract and the lesions are notable for the 

 extraordinary nnniber of bacteria which they contain. Quite serious and exten- 

 siA-e infections were produced in guinea pigs, rabbits, mice, and even in cattle 

 and goats by means of inoculation with avian tubercle bacilli. 



The present status of the question regarding the relationship between 

 human and animal tuberculosis, Dammann (Dciit. Ticrdrztl. Wchnschr., Pj 

 (1908), No. 6, pp. 17-82). — The two fairly distinct types of tubercle bacilli which 

 have been commonly referred to as bovine and human have been more and more 

 connected in recent years by the finding of a number of intermediate forms 

 which can not be readily classified with either type. The results of recent inves- 

 tigations are unfavorable to the assumption of specific difference between these 

 types. 



The chemical constitution and biological properties of the protoplasm of 

 the tubercle bacillus, J. Auclair and L. Paris {Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. 

 [Paris], JJf6 (/.0(9S), No. 6, pp. 301-303).— Ot the substances thus far obtained 

 from the tubercle bacillus, tuberculin exercises a general effect, while the fat 

 substance of the bacillus is local in its effects. By means of fractional extrac- 

 tion the authors isolated a form of casein which is believed to be the chief cause 

 of the formation of the tubei'cle in the jirogress of tuberculosis. 



Intestinal tuberculosis in calves kept in infected stables, A. Ceradini and 

 A. FiORENTiNi {CentW. Bald, [etc.], 1. AM., Oiiy., 46 (1908), No. 2, pp. lOff- 

 108). — The purpose of the expei'iments reported in this paper was to determine 

 the susceptibility of young calves to tuberculous infection in stables which were 

 known to be infected with this disease. It was found that tuberculosis in suck- 

 ing calves occurs only exceptionally. In adult cattle the disease appears more 

 frequently as a result of exposure in infected stables. The mesenteric glands of 

 adult cattle may contain virulent tubercle bacilli without showing visilile altera- 

 tions. These glands are very effective in catching tubercle l>acilli raid other 

 organisms, ])articularly those of infectious pneumoenteritis in calves. 



Clinical diagnosis of tuberculosis of the peritoneum and abdominal lymph 

 glands by means of rectal examination, Storch {Berlin. Tierdrztl. Wchnschr., 

 JH08, No. 8, pp. IJfl-lJfS). — Attention is called to the fact that serious cases of 

 tuberculosis of the peritoneum may exist without showing recognizable external 

 symptoms. The author has tested the value of rectal examination in such cases 

 and finds it possible to palpate the tuberculous lesions upon the peritoneum or 

 the tuberculous lymph glands and thus to reach a diagnosis. 



Tuberculosis in dairy cows, with special reference to the udder and the 

 tuberculin test, A. Wilson {Vet. Rec, 20 {1908), No. 1024, pp. 591-596).— 

 A general account is presented of the nature of tuberculin, the temperature reac- 

 tions observed in making the tuberculin test, and the importance of this test in 

 putting into practice any scheme for the eradication of tuberculosis. Statistics 

 were collected and are presented in a summarized form regarding the source of 

 tubercle bacilli in milk and the percentage of tuberculous udders in cows. 



The absorption of tuberculin by the rectum, A. Calmette and M. Breton 

 {Compt. Rend. Hoc. Biol. [Paris], 6', {1908), No. J,, pp. 163-165).— In tubercu- 

 lous rabbits and guinea pigs it was found that intrarectal injection of tuberculin 

 produced the same effects as subcutaneous injection. In healthy rabbits and 

 guinea pigs a single intrarectal injection of large doses or of repeated small 

 doses of tuberculin produces a gradual intoxication which nearly always ends 

 fatally. 



Tuberculin, H. E. Reeser {Gcntbl. Bakt. [etc.], 1. Al)t., Orig., 1,6 {1908), Nos. 

 1, pp. 56-67; 2, pp. 149-167). — In most cases a reaction may be obtained from 

 an injection of tuberculin made only a few days after a previous injection. The 



