SOILS FEETILIZEES. 319 



specific gravity of the liquid manure ranged from 1.0143 to 1.0229 at the two 

 depths given. 



Experiments on the storage of liquid manure in a round cistern 9.5 ft. deep 

 and 17 ft. wide were conducted during a period of S months. The nitrogen 

 content of the liquid during this period decreased from 0.447 to 0.350 per cent, 

 a loss of 21.7 per cent. At the same time the specific gravity of the liquid went 

 down from 1.02G3 to 1.0241 (8.4 per cent). The loss in nitrogen is largely 

 explained by the fact that there was an opening 3 in. wide and 6 in. long in 

 the cover of the cistern, through which the pump projected. 



Manure statistics, M. Ringelmann {Jour. Agr. Prat., n. ser., IJf (1907), Nos. 

 J/S, pp. 696-699; -JJ), pp. 71S-723). — This article gives detailed data regarding 

 the manure produced by animals of different kinds with varying feed, litter, etc., 

 as well as the weight per unit volume of manure managed in different ways. 



Experiments with new nitrogenous fertilizers, H. von Feilitzen (Svenska 

 Mosskultitrfor. Tidskr., 22 (1908), No. 2, pp. 91-105, figs. J).— The experiments 

 were made with two kinds of "Norway nitrate" (calcium nitrate from Notod- 

 den, Norway, containing 11.59 and 12.53 per cent of nitrogen respectively), and 

 calcium cyanamid manufactured by three different processes, viz., tho.se of 

 Frank and Caro, Polzeuius, and Carlson, these fertilizers containing, respec- 

 tively, 18.76, 10.19, and 16.69 per cent of nitrogen. For the sake of comparison, 

 experiments were also conducted with sodium nitrate or ammonium sulphate 

 in the different series. Seven series of trials were conducted. 



The calcium nitrate produced a somewhat higher increase in yield of pota- 

 toes and oats on a peaty soil than the corresponding amount of nitrogen in 

 sodium nitrate. The results of the last three years' trials with this fertilizer 

 by the author have thus agreed in showing that it is fully as effective as 

 sodium nitrate for peaty soils low in nitrogen, as well as for other soils. The 

 calcium cyanamid applied on sandy soils for potatoes, on a good peaty soil for 

 timothy or potatoes, and for sanded white-moor soil, as a top-di"essing on grass- 

 land, had a fertilizing effect of 60 to SO per cent of that obtained with corre- 

 sponding amounts of nitrogen in sodium nitrate. The two German cyanamids 

 produced similar results, while the Swedish product in two series of trials 

 was found to possess a somewhat lower fertilizer effect than the two other 

 cyanamids. 



Results of trials with nitrogenous fertilizers, 1907, H. G. Soderbaum 

 (K. Landthr. Akad. Hand], och Tidskr., .',7 {1908), Xo. 1-2, pp. lO-i-llO, fig. 1).— 

 Experiments were made with the following nitrogenous fertilizers : Calcium 

 cyanamid, manufactured according to the Frank, Folzenius, and Carlson proc- 

 esses, sodium or calcium nitrate, and ammonium sulphate. The effect of the 

 fertilizers for oats grown in sandy soil in glass cylinders of about 500 sq. cm. 

 surface, holding about 25 kg. of soil) was studied, the fertilizers being added 

 in the proportions of 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 gm. of nitrogen per cylinder, with 

 similar quantities of other fertilizing ingredients in' all cases. 



The results of the trials were remarkable in showing calcium nitrate decid- 

 edly inferior in its action to sodium nitrate, especially in the case of the heavi- 

 est applications, with ammonium sulphate much more effective than this fer- 

 tilizer. No marked differences were observed in the case of the low and the 

 medium applications of nitrogen for the three kinds of calcium cyanamid, 

 these being all inferior in their action to sodium nitrate in the former case, 

 and superior to it in the latter case. In the cylinders with the heaviest appli- 

 cation of nitrogen, the Carlson cyanamid produced nearly as high results as 

 ammonium sulphate, with the Polzenius cyanamid 12 per cent better than 

 sodium nitrate, and Frank's cyanamid 12 per cent below. The abnormal climatic 

 conditions of the season of 1907 are doubtless largely responsible for the 



