FORESTRY. 341 



The data show the trees grown from northern seed to be far behind the native 

 trees both in height and diameter growtli, and that this difference is maintained 

 from the early life of the trees. The development of the trees from northern- 

 grown seed was also inferior to the native trees as regards the canopy and 

 branch growth and the stem form. The wood of the foreign trees, however, 

 showed a greater specific weight, the total foliage was less, and the needles 

 were shorter bnt broader and thicker than with the native trees. 



Breaking tests with twenty-one of the most important species of Surinam 

 woods, together with notes relative to their botanical classification, charac- 

 teristics, use, etc., E. K. Plassciiaekt and J. F. Ligtenberg ( Iiisiicctir Landb. 

 Wcst-liidic, Bui. 11, pp. 29). — Several tests were conducted with each species 

 of wood, and the results are presented in tabular foi*m showing both the moduli 

 of rupture and elasticity. Comparative data are also given of earlier tests of 

 several kinds of British-Guiana woods by the French marine engineer Dumon- 

 teil, as well as bending, shearing, and compression tests made with various 

 specimens of woods at the State testing station at Brussels under the direction 

 of E. Eoussel. 



Transverse tests of jarrah made at Sydney Technical College, J. Nangle 

 (Jour, and Proc. Roy. Soc. N. »S'. Wales, 1,0 (1006), pp. CI-CV, pis. 3).— Tabu- 

 lated results are given of tests made for moduli of rupture and elasticity on 20 

 pieces of West Australian jarrah. The test pieces were 2 in. square and in all 

 but two cases 24 in. long. In most cases a 22 in. span was used. The tables 

 show the breaking-load in pounds, failure under tension and compression, the 

 duration of the test, rate of load applied in pounds per minute, and the moduli 

 of rupture and elasticity, as well as the deflections iinder varying loads. Notes 

 are also given on the author's exhibit of microscopic sections of Australian 

 timber. 



The relation of forests to stream control, G. Pinciiot (Ann. Amcr. Acad. 

 Polit. and Soc. Set., 31 (1908), No. 1. pp. 2 19-227 ) .—The author discusses the 

 increasing tendency of our streams to become less navigable both through soil 

 erosion and lack of water, and outlines the engineering methods which are 

 being tried to remedy this trouble. 



It is believed that only by conserving and restoring the forest can the inland 

 waterways become permanently improved. Experience and scientific investi- 

 gation have shown that the two functions exercised by the forest in relation to 

 stream flow are its tendency to reduce the difference between high and low 

 water and its value as a surface protection against soil erosion. These two 

 functions are discussed. Examples are given of typical streams flowing through 

 forested and timbered watersheds, as well as of work being conducted by 

 European countries in the reforestation of watersheds. 



The sources of fumes in the Kingdom of Saxony and their influence upon 

 forestry, F. ScitROTEK (Tharand. Forstl. Jahrh., 57 (1!)07), \o. 2, pp. 211- 

 1/30, maps 3). — Investigations were conducted by the chemical division of the 

 Tharandt Forestry Experiment Station in 1906, in continuation of previous work 

 relative to the presence of sulphurous acid in the forest air and the injurious 

 effects of fumes and gases on the trees. The present account is based upon this 

 investigation and consists of a summary of the present scientific and practical 

 knowledge dealing with the causes and effects of damage from fumes, together 

 with a detailed account of the sources and extent of fume and gas damage in 

 the various forest districts of Saxony. Remedial measures both from the stand- 

 point of the forester and the industrialist, together with the various legal 

 length. 



