I ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY. 353 



attempting to ei'adicate the colony of gipsy motlis which became established at 

 Stoningtou, Conn. 



Phylonactus abdeus, A. Schulz (Rev. Sccc. Agron. Univ. Montevideo, 1907, 

 No. 2, PI). J32-138, pi. 1). — This pest is closely related in biology and habits to 

 the cockchafers and May beetles. The larvie remain for a greater part of the 

 time in the soil at a depth of 5 to 6 cm. In this position they canse considerable 

 damage to wheat, barley, and other cultivated crops. 



The insect pests of cardoon, P. Lesne {Rev. Hort. [Paris], SO (1908), No. 

 7, pp. 15'f-157, pi. 1). — In the experience of the author the most important in- 

 sect pests of the cardoon are crane flies, species of Gortyna, Cassida deflorata, etc. 



The frit fly {Bd. Agr. and Fisheries [London], Leaflet 202, pp. J/, fig. 1). — 

 The life history of this insect is briefly outlined. In controlling the pest it is 

 recommended that oats be sown early, that heavy applications of fertilizers be 

 made, and that badly infested fields be plowed under. 



Spraying- apple orchards for insects and fungi, B. S. Pickett { Illinois Sta. 

 Circ. 120, pp. 3-36, figs. 18). — This circular is a compendium of information on 

 spraying for insect and fungus enemies of the apple, as derived from experi- 

 ments by various entomologists and the experience of practical orchardists as 

 well as that of the author. Formulae of standard spraying mixtures with di- 

 rections for their application are given and the apparatus and methods of 

 application are explained and illustrated. A spray calendar for the State is 

 appended. 



Demonstration spraying for bitter rot and codling moth, F. W. Faurot 

 (Missouri Fruit Sta. Bui. 15, pp. 3-17, pis. 10). — Results of demonstration 

 sprayings conducted in cooperation with the Bureau of Plant Industry of this 

 Department are reported. Attention is called to the enormous percentage of 

 the ai)ple crop damaged by the apple scab and codling moth in the Ozarks. 



An account is given of bitter rot, apple scab, and the codling moth. " To 

 successfully control bitter rot, 4 applications of standard Bordeaux mixture 

 made at intervals of 2 to 3 weeks, between the middle of June and the middle 

 of August, are usually necessary." 



" The time for ti'eatment for codling moth coincides very well with the time 

 of the treatments for scab and bitter rot and is made in connection with them. 

 The first treatment is made with the second spraying for scab, just as the bloom 

 has fallen ; the second with the third for scab ; the third should be on the 

 trees by not later than the first of July and should be followed by about two 

 others at intervals of 2 or 3 weeks. The last 3 applications are made with the 

 sprayings for bitter rot." 



Owing to the season being unfavorable to the development of scab, the re- 

 sults are omitted. Directions are given for the preparation of sprays, and 

 spray machinery is discussed. 



Suggestions for the control of the codling moth, J. J. Thornber (Ari::ona 

 Sta. Bui. 57, pp. 275-279). — An account is given in concise form of the biology 

 of this insect and the nature of its injury to fruit, with directions for combat- 

 ing it. 



An olive pest, D. L. Navarro (Prog. Agr. y Pecuario, 14 (1908), No. 563, pp. 

 22-2Ji). — The habits and life history of Phlceothrips olew are briefly discussed. 

 This insect has recently caused serious damage to olives but may be controlled 

 by spraying with contact insecticides. 



Insects and diseases of the orange, M. T. Cook and ^Y. T. Horne (Estac. 

 Cent. Agron. Cuba Bui. 9, pp.'jfO, pis. 19, figs. 3).— This bulletin is in the nature 

 of a preliminary report upon the important insects and diseases affecting the 

 orange. The insect pests noted include Atta insularis, Solenopsis geminata, 

 Pachnwus litus, orange dog, red spiders, rust mite, gall insects, plant lice, and 



