354 EXPEKIMENT STATION RECORD. 



various species of scale insects. The nuthors also describe wither tip, scab, gum- 

 iiiosis, seed-bed disease, blight, and other less important diseases. 



Combating' Tortrix ambiguella and Eudemis botrana, J. Dewitz (Landw. 

 JahrJ)., 36 (1901), No. 5-6, pp. i)o9-<)D6, pis. 2, figs, i//).— Throughout a large 

 portion of the grape-growing regions of Europe these two pests are serious 

 enemies of grapes. No single remedy which has thus far been recommended 

 is sufficient to control either of the insects. A combination of remedies must, 

 therefore, l>e adopted according to the circumstances of each vineyard. In 

 some vineyards T. piUcriana is also an important grape pest. 



The remedies which have been tested by the author include the use of sticky 

 shingles for catching the moths, lantern traps, destruction of the eggs with 

 contact insecticides, the use of arsenical poisons for caterpillars, the destruc- 

 tion of pupae with contact insecticides and with boiling water, removal of the 

 loose bark from the trunlvs of grapevines, etc. Insecticide methods applied in 

 winter are not so likely to give satisfactory results as similar work in sunmier. 



Experiments in combating the grape-berry moth, J. Capus and Feytaud 

 {Rev. Vit., 29 (1908), Nos. l.',!, pp. 231-23.',; l',2, pp. 257-259; 7.'/3, pp. 285- 

 290). — The author experimented with various solutions of arsenic, nicotine, 

 and barium chlorid in controlling grape-berry moth. On the whole the arsen- 

 ical preparations and barium chlorid gave better results than nicotine or other 

 contact insecticides. Among the arsenicals preference is given to arsenate of 

 lead, but barium chlorid, used in solutions of 2, 4, or 6 per cent, gave perhaps 

 the most satisfactory results. 



Zeuzera pyrina on cork oak in Algeria, P. Lesne (Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. 

 [Paris], l.'i6 {1908), A'o. 9, pp. ■'i93--'i96) .- — Z. pyrina is reported as causing great 

 damage to cork oaks in certain parts of Algeria. The galleries produced by 

 this insect in the trunks of the trees are of rather simple form and it appeal's 

 possible to destroy the larvae by injecting bisulphid of carbon into the burrows. 



The Douglas spruce cone moth, R. A. Cooley (Montana Sta. BuL 70, pp. 

 125-130, pi. 1). — The author's attention was first called to the work of the 

 cone moth (Ciidia psciidotsugana) in the spring of 1900, when thousands of 

 the moths were observed flying about a Douglas spruce or red fir (Pscudotsuga 

 mucronata). Observations have since been continued and studies of the life 

 history which have been made are here reported. 



This insect is so widespread in the portion of the State in which observa- 

 tions were made that it is very unusual to find an uninfected tree. It is esti- 

 mated that under 5 per cent of the seeds escape injury. No other parts of the 

 trees and only this species appear to be attacked. Tlie eggs are deposited on 

 the young cones during the last week of June. Upon emerging the larvae enter 

 the cone. Feeding is completed by the time the cone is fully hardened. The 

 adult larva which is about f in. in length resembles that of the codling moth in 

 general appearance and motions. The winter is passed in the pupal stage, the 

 greater number of moths emerging during the montli of June. 



Pebrine and related Microsporidia, A. LuTz and A. Splendoke ( Centbl. Bakt. 

 [etc.], 1. AM., Orig., .'16 (1908), Xo. J,, pp. 311-315, figs. 13).— In a continued 

 study of the genus Nosema, the autliors found that a number of species of this 

 genus live in various arthropods, worms, and fish. In addition to the species 

 which causes pebrine in silkworms a description is given of a number of new 

 species of this genus. 



Fixation and multiplication of pathogenic trypanosomes in the proboscis 

 of the tsetse fly, E. Roubaud (Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. [Paris], l-'i6 (1908), 

 No. 8, pp. 1/23-425). — A study of the biological relations of trypanosomes in the 

 proboscis of tsetse flies indicated that these parasites are able to fix themselves 

 to the walls of the proboscis by means of their flagella and to multiply to a 



