ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY. 355 



considerable extent in this situation. TIais phenomenon was observed not only 

 in the trypanosome of sleeping sickness but also in the trypauosomes of various 

 animal diseases. 



The use of arsenicals, L. Degrully (Prog. Agr. et Vit. (Ed. VEst-Centre), 

 2f) (1908), No. 10, pp. 2SS-293) .—During the past few years many objections 

 have been raised against the use of arsenicals on the ground that injurious 

 effects might be produced in man and animals from eating plants treated with 

 these insecticides. This idea has become so firmly rooted in the minds of some 

 investigators that dealers have been prevailed upon to refuse to sell arsenical 

 poisons. In the author's opinion the danger from arsenicals has been greatly 

 exaggerated. 



Attention is called to the satisfactory results obtained in spraying various 

 plants with arsenicals for the destruction of leaf-eating caterpillars. 



The choice of arsenicals for insecticide purposes, H. Grosjean (Prog. Agr. 

 ct Vit. (Ed. VEst-Ccntre), 29 (1908), No. 11, pp. 325-328) .—The insoluble 

 arsenical salts are considered quite superior to those which are more readily 

 soluble. In the opinion of the author these salts may be applied to nearly all 

 kinds of vegetables and fruits in their early stages of growth without danger 

 to the plants or to human beings who may consume the treated plants. 



Fungicides, insecticides, and spray calendar, E. H. Favor (Missouri Stn. 

 Circ. Inform. 23, pp. 3-19, figs. 5). — Directions for the preparation and applica- 

 tion of fungicides and insecticides are given in this circular. 



Spray calendar, A. F. Conrade (Texas Sta. Circ. 10, folio). — Formulre of 

 various insecticides and fungicides have been prepared for ready reference in 

 the form of a calendar, together with general directions for their use. 



Funiig'ation with hydrocyanic-acid g-as (Bd. Agr. and Fisheries [London], 

 Leaflet 18S, p. 3). — In fumigating commercial stock it is recommended that one 

 /)art of potassium cyanid and Ih parts of suli)huric acid be taken for each 3i 

 parts of water. The quantity of potassium cyanid per 100 cu. ft. of space to 

 be fumigated maj' be varied somewhat, depending upon the nature and hardiness 

 of the plants. 



The queen of honey bees. A case of atavism, R. Demoll (Biol. CentbL, 

 28 (1908), No. 8, pp. 271-278, figs. 2).— A theoretical consideration of the differ- 

 ent forms of individuals observed in a swarm of bees has convinced the author 

 that there are only two original forms of individuals, the drone and the queen, 

 while the workers are more highly specialized individuals based upon the orig- 

 inal queen type. An examination of the anatomical structures of the queen as 

 compared with those of the worker bee indicates quite clearly that the queen 

 is the older type phylogenetically and that the worker is anatomically con- 

 structed on the same plan with a specialized development as the result of the 

 division of labor in the colony. 



Apiculture, L. Iches (An, Hoe. Rural Argentina, ^2 (1908), No. 55, pp. 

 20-36, figs. 16). — A general account is presented of the business aspects of api- 

 culture with particular reference to the relationship of this industry to agricul- 

 ture in general. A statement is given showing the expenses which would be 

 incurred in establishing an apiary of the average size. A list is presented of the 

 more important honey-producing plants. 



Bee keeping' in North Carolina, F. Sherman, Jr. (Bui. N. C. Dept. Agr., 

 2.9 (1908), No. 1, pp. 27, figs. 5). — Reports received from 3G0 bee keepers in 

 the State, owning more than 10,400 colonies of bees, indicate that nearly all 

 sections of the State are well adapted to bee keeping. Thus far bee keepers 

 have given too little attention to the style of hive and to the breed of bees. 

 It is recommended that black and hybrid bees be replaced by Italians, and the 

 61717— No. 4—08—5 



