380 EXPEETMENT STATION RECORD. 



reported. The symptoms of milk sickness were studied in man, cattle, and 

 liorses and experimentally the disease was produced in laboratory animals by 

 inoculation. 



The chief lesions which were observed in cases of milk sickness in animals 

 were in the liver, heart, musculature, kidneys, and small intestines. These 

 lesions were of a parenchymatous nature such as is usually produced by the 

 action of a toxin. Particularly in the liver, cloudy swelling and fatty meta- 

 morphosis were very pronounced. A micro-organism, referred to as Bacillus 

 hictiniorhi, was isolated and its behavior studied in a number of nutx'ient media. 

 The symptoms of milk sickness were reproduced in rabbits, guinea pigs, dogs, 

 and calves by inoculation with B. lactimorhi. 



The problems involved in determining the pathology and etiology of this 

 disease will be studied more elaborately. The cases observed by the authors 

 occurred in a region where Eupatorium agcratoides does not grow. This plant, 

 therefore, can not be considered as the cause of the disease. 



The properties of races of trypanosomes resistant to atoxyl and sera, F. 

 Mesnil and E. Brimont (Comijt. Rend. Hoc. Biol. [Parish, 6.'f (1908), No. l). 

 pp. 637-6-'i0). — Experiments in the inoculation of laboratory animals for the 

 trypanosomes of surra and nagana indicate that there are races of these trypan- 

 osomes which are decidedly resistant to the action of atoxyl. It was also 

 shown that in some cases resistance of trypanosomes to immune sera is hered- 

 itary. 



The relation between human and bovine tuberculosis, A. Eber (Verhandl. 

 Deiit. Path. GeselL, 1907, pp. 191-194). — Human tuberculosis material proved 

 in experiments to be highly virulent for 7 cattle and 1 goat and less virulent 

 for 7 other cattle, while .3 cattle and 1 goat were quite resistant. In cor- 

 responding experiments with tuberculosis material of bovine origin, a similar 

 variation in virulence was observed in inoculated cattle. The author concludes 

 from his experiments that tuberculosis material from children or from adult 

 persons, particularly those who are suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis, may 

 be virulent for cattle. 



Points of entrance of tuberculosis, G. Railliet {Rev. TuhercuJose, 2. ser., 

 5 (1908), No. 2, pp. 107-156). — An elaborate review is presented of the results 

 obtained by various iuA-estigators in a study of the modes of tuberculosis infec- 

 tion. It is argued that the results thus far obtained indicate that the penetra- 

 tion of the tubercle bacillus through the conjunctiva, genital mucous mem- 

 branes, healthy skin, or slight skin abrasions nuist be considered of rare occur-, 

 rence or of slight importance. The two chief modes of entrance of the tubercle 

 bacillus into susceptible organisms are by means of air into the lungs and by 

 food into the alimentary tract. The relative importance of these two means of 

 infection varies according to age, individual resistance, and various other 

 factors. 



Mode of infection and immunity in tuberculosis, Klebs (Verhandl. Dent. 

 Path. GcselL, 1907, pp. 183-188). — In carrying on experiments in the artificial 

 inhalation of tubercle bacilli much care is necessary in order to imitate as 

 closely as possible the conditions of natural inhalation, otherwise the results 

 obtained will have little bearing upon the problem of determining the frequency 

 of this method of infection. In the course of the author's experiments a special 

 form of tuberculin has been prepared which in an impure state has the effect of 

 causing a pronounced contraction of the arterial walls, especially in the lungs 

 and liver. When, however, the toxin which causes contraction of the blood ves- 

 sels is separated fi'om the tuberculin the latter has the effect of increasing the 

 avidity with which the wandering leucocytes take up tubercle bacilli. The 

 leucocytes which are chiefly concerned in the destruction of tubercle bacilli are 



