METEOROLOGY WATER. 421 



luethods of examination of turpentine and describes processes which, while not 

 novel, have been found useful in aiding the investigator to form an opinion as 

 to the nature and quality of turpentine examined. 



Proceedings of the Sixth International Congress of Applied Chemistry 

 (Atti 6. Coiuf. Internaz. Chim. Apph, 1906. Fo/.s. /, pp. XV +{1,13^+1 52, pis. 

 8. figs. lOS, maps 2; 2, pp. XI+9J,9, pis. 16, figs. 70; 3, pp. XII+919, figs. 19; .',, 

 pp. Xn+697, figs. 2.5; 5, pp. XV+Sl',. figs. 13; 6, pp. X/Z+.537, figs. 60; 7, pp. 

 .I-T+i^/2. figs. 3). — A full report of the proceedings of the Sixth International 

 Congress of Applied Chemistry at Rome, April 26 to March 3, 1906, with papers 

 presented, discussions, and reports of committees. 



Of special interest are the proceedings of the sections of organic chemistry 

 and allied industries, fermentation and starches, wine making, agricultural 

 chemistry, medical, pharmaceutical, and food chemistry, and the reports of 

 the international committee on the analysis of commercial fertilizers and feed- 

 ing stuffs, and the committee for the unification of methods for the analysis 

 of food products. Several of the papers have been noted (E. S. R., 20, pp. 207. 

 20S, 211, 218, 210, 222, 22.3, 22.5, .307. 3S4, and 4.'")6. 



Report on progress in industrial inorganic chemistry, V. Holbling and J. 

 Preiss (Chcm. Indus. [Berlin], 31 {1908), Wos. 2, pp. 57-66; 3, pp. 83-96; J,, pp. 

 ]20-13Jf ) . — The feature of this article of greatest agricultural importance is the 

 rather complete review of literature relating to the oxidation of atmospheric 

 nitrogen and to ammonia and ammonium salts. 



METEOROLOGY— WATER. 



Annals of the Astrophysical Observatory of the Smithsonian Institution, 

 C. G. Abhot and F. E. Fowle, Jr. {Ann. Astrophijs. Ohscrv. Sniitltsn. Inst, 2 

 (WOS), pp. XI+2-'i5. pis. 29, fig. 1). — This volume reports "a continuation of 

 the work on the relations of the sun to climate and life upon the earth " begun 

 by Secretary Langley in " the hope that careful study of the radiation of the 

 sun might eventually lead to the discovery of means of forecasting climatic con- 

 ditions for some time in advance. It is believed that the present volume will 

 aid materially to show how far that hope may be justified, for it contains care- 

 ful and comparable measurements of the solar radiation, extending over several 

 years. These indicate that the sun's radiation alters in its intensity from time 

 to time, and that these alterations are sufficient to affect the temperature of the 

 earth very appreciably. . . . 



" From a comparison, extending over thirty years, of the temperatures of 47 

 stations well distributed over the land surface of the earth, it appears possible 

 that changes of solar radiation do produce, not infrequently, well-marked and 

 lecognizable changes of temperature over the continental areas of the world. 

 Such changes of temperature would be predictable if accurate measurements of 

 the solar radiation were systematically continued at a few favorable stations." 



The introductory part of the report gives annals of the Astrophysical Observa- 

 tory 1900-1907. Part I deals with determination of the intensity of the solar 

 radiation outside the earth's atmosphere, otherwise termed " the solar constant 

 of radiation," including chapters on methods of determining the " solar constant 

 of radiation," apparatus for " solar-constant " determinations, sample observa- 

 tions and computation of solar radiation outside the atmosphere, investigation 

 of sources of error in the determination of the " solar constant," results of meas- 

 urements of the intensity of solar radiation, applications of solar radiation 

 measurements, and the causes of disagreement between the " solar-constant " 

 determinations of different observers; Part II with radiation and terrestrial 

 temperature, including chapters on the effect of the atmosphere on the direct 



