444 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD, 



were innde in several other vineyards in tlie region. Notes are given on the 

 various liyl)ri(ls studied with special reference to their resistance to phylloxera 

 and the allinity of hybrids grafted on various stocks. 



Although the ideal hybrid direct bearer has not yet been secured, it is believed 

 that progress is being made in this direction. Several hybrids have been found 

 which pi'oduce a wine of the right flavor. While they show lack of affinity for 

 the old grape stocks in many instances, it is thought that satisfactory stocks 

 may be found among the Franco-American hybrids. After a lapse of 9 or 10 

 years some of the direct bearers are as productive and vigorous as those which 

 are grafted, although they are not as yet recommendetl for general planting. 

 The wines of certain hybrid liearers are found to improve the quality of the 

 ordinary wines when judiciously employed. They increase the selling price of 

 most of the common wines and give them a much richer color. It is also be- 

 lieved that the hybrids will furnish a good grade of wine for general con- 

 sumption. 



Statistics on grape and olive products for the year 1907 (Estadlstica de 

 his rrodiieehmes Viticola y OUvarrra en el Ano 1907. Madrid: Junta Agrono- 

 viica, 1908, pp. 7). — In this pami)hlet tables are given showing the approxi- 

 mate production of grapes, wine, olives, and olive oil as reported by the directors 

 of the Provincial Agronomic Service for the various regions and provinces in 

 Spain. 



The total estimated area of vineyards in the Spanish provinces is 1,367,455 

 hectares (about 3,378,000 acres). The total production of grapes was 3,171,- 

 566,500 kg. (about 3.489,000 tons), of which 2,898,222,100 kg. (3,188,000 tons) 

 were converted into wine. The total production of wine was 18,384,337 hecto- 

 liters (about 484,-346,500 gal.). 



The total area devoted to olive culture is estimated at 1,3.53,196 hectares 

 (about 3,344,000 acres), and the total olive crop was 1,608,361,300 kg. (about 

 1,769,200 tons), of which 1,534,459,900 kg. (about 1,688,000 tons) were used in 

 the manufacture of olive oil. The total quantity of olive oil produced was 

 3,330,606 hectoliters (about 87,928,000 gal.). 



Observations on the various forms of fig (Ficus carica), Leclerc du Sablon 

 {Rev. Gen. Bof., 20 (1908), Nos. 232, pp. 129-150, figs. 13; 233, pp. 207-216, 

 figs. 2). — A comparative study of the flower and fruit of Ficus carica, based 

 upon the work of previous investigators as well as the author's personal obser- 

 vations. 



All figs are classed according to the morphological characters of the flower 

 under two general types, (1) the male figs, which have in their successive crops 

 during the year female flowers with short styles adapted for symbiosis with the 

 Blastophaga and which have in addition male flowers in the summer crop; (2) 

 the female figs, which have only female flowers with long styles and which in 

 some cases must be fertilized and in others need not be fertilized for the develop- 

 ment of the fig. These two types are considered as the male and female flowers 

 of a dioecious species, and are further divided into 16 groups, according to the 

 characters of the mature fig and the season of ripening. With certain varieties 

 of female figs grown in France the autumn figs are found to mature either with 

 or without fertilization. The fertilized figs contain seeds, are larger, more 

 watery, and have a more pronounced flavor, but contain less sugar than the 

 unfertilized figs. The latter contain no seeds. 



A brief bibliography is appended. 



Observations on change of sex in Carica papaya, M. J. Iorns (/Science, 

 n. ser., 28 (1908), No. 708, pp. 125, 126).-— The author here reports for discussion 

 the change of sex recently observed in some trees of C. papaya, brought about 

 apparently by the removal of the terminal bud. 



