Al^TMAT. PRODUCTION. 467 



liosidos the ordinary const if upiils of (lie plant rcll, tlio celluloses, iirotcin, aW. 

 Tile iionnitrojieuons acids are not found in maize at tlie time of cutting, and the 

 nitrogenous acids, though they are found, occur to a smaller extent than in 

 silage. 



"The characteristic silage changes ;ire the disapi)earance of sugar, of some 

 less resistant celluloses, and of part of the protein, and the formation of the 

 bodies enumerated above. 



" Three agents appear to be involved in making silage — the living maize cell, 

 the enzyms, and micro-organisms. It is considered that the two former bring 

 about the primary and essential changes, the latter only secondary and non- 

 essential changes. 



"The formation of acetic and butyric acids appears to be a respiration effect, 

 and comes about when the living cell is deprived of oxygen. Sugar disappears 

 during the process. 



" The decomposition of the protein and nucleo-protein is effected by enzyms 

 present at the time of cutting the maize, which can go on acting in the silo 

 even after the cell is dead. Chai-acteristic products of protein hydrolysis were 

 identified in the silage. 



"These are regarded as the primary and essential changes. 



" Bacteria are, however, always present, and attack the less resistant cellu- 

 loses, the products of protein hydrolysis, and no doubt other substances as well, 

 but not the resistant fiber. Typical products of bacterial activity were found- 

 formic acid, higlier fatty acids, humus, and amins. 



" The growth of mold is inhibited except at the surface layer where air gets 

 in. Here the changes are fundamentally different ; there is no development of 

 acetic or butyric acids, the mass is alkaline, nonprotein material already exist- 

 ing in the maize is converted into protein, and there is also a loss of nitrogen." 



Analyses of a mixture of red clover and timothy forage, A. Gregoire and 

 E. Carpiaux (BuI. Inst. Chim. et Bact. Gcmmoux, 1908, ^^o. 75, pp. 109, 110).— A 

 proximate and ash analysis is reported. 



On the composition of rice straw, T. Takeuchi (Bui. Col. Agr., Tokyo Imp. 

 Univ., 7 (1908), No. 5, pp. 619-621). — From the analyses reported, the conclu- 

 sion is drawn that straw from rice plants producing a poor crop is somewhat 

 richer in protein, fat, and carbohydrates than is the case when the yield is 

 better. 



Fodders and their nutrient values, C. F. Juritz (Agr. Jour. Cape Good Hope, 

 32 (1908), Ko. 1, pp. 99-101). — Analyses of Vlei grass, ground corncob and corn 

 are reported. As the author points out, the food value of the corncob is about 

 one-third that of the corn analyzed and is also inferior to wheat bran. 



Examination of feeding stuffs, C. Aumann (Bcr. Landiv. Vers. Stat. Hildes- 

 hcim, 1907, pp. 6-11, l.'i). — A brief report of the examination of a large number 

 of samples of commercial by-products, cereal grains, meat meal, and other feed- 

 ing stuffs. 



Examination of feeding stuffs, II. Immendorff (Bcr. Landw. Vers. Stat. 

 Univ. Jena, 1907, pp. 10-lJf). — A brief report of the examination of a number of 

 samples of concentrated feeds and other feeding stuffs, of " futterkalk " and 

 similar materials. 



Brief statements are also made regarding samples of milk and dairy products 

 which were analyzed at the station. 



Feeding stuff analyses, E. Haselhoff (Jahresber. Landir. TV/.s-. Stat. Mar- 

 hiirf/, 1907-8, pp. 10-16). — Data are reported regarding the comiK)sition of feed- 

 ing stuffs examined at the station. 



New feeding stuffs, .7. V. de Paula Nogxteria (Gas. Aldelas. 1908. No. 657; 

 alls, in I',,, I, /,'. A.s.sor. Coit. Agr. rortiigiicsa, to il90S). No. ,s', pp. 'iS7-'f95). — 



