ANIMAL PRODUCTION. 469 



Peauiit oil emulsion, flaxseed, and starch were used for supplementin;; skim 

 milk and the best results, according to the author, were obtained with flaxseed, 

 though good results were also obtained with the peanut oil emulsiou provided 

 the quantity was not too large. When the skim milk was supplemented by 

 cooked starch the digestive disturbances were as great as noted on skim milk 

 alone. 



Xo conclusions could be drawn from the experimental data regarding the 

 effect of different rations on the quality of the meat produced. 



Feeding- of the Angus steer Andy, A. Boss {Breeder''s Gaz., 53 (1908), No. 

 ]S. piK 1005, 1006, figs. Jj). — A summary of data regarding the feeding of this 

 champion steer at the Minnesota Agricultural College. 



In general the amount of grain was smaller than is recommended by many 

 feeders and large amounts of succulent feed were supplied, roots or silage 

 being used when the steer was not on grass. No molasses or condimeutal stock 

 feed was used at any time. The average gain in the 2 years was in one 4 

 week period as high as 3.57 lbs. per day. The steer weighed 1,780 lbs. when 

 slaughtered, the dressed weight after a month in cold storage being 68.(5 per 

 cent of the live AA'eight. The flavor of the meat was excellent and the carcass 

 was of fine texture and marbling throughout. 



Study of draft oxen in Tunis, G. Barrion and R. Gagey {BuJ. Dii: Ayr. Cuin. 

 ct Colon. [Tidiis], ]> {1H08). Xo. 'i6. pi). 103-111). — The studies reported are 

 not favorable to the draft oxen used locally and the authors recommend raising 

 improved breeds. 



A dynaniometer for experiments with steers, R. Gagey (Bui. Dir. Af/r. Com. 

 ct Colon. [Tiuiis\, 12 (I'JOS), Xo. .'id. pp. 112. 113, fig. 1). — The author describes 

 a dynamometer used in tests with draft oxen. 



Studies of the milk secretion of pigs and the feeding of young pigs, R. 

 OsTERTAG and N. Nuntz et al. (LaniJic. Jahrh., .37 (lUOS), Xo. 2, pp. 201-260).— 

 Some of the conclusions which were drawn from the extended series of investi- 

 gations reported follow : The milk yield and the fat and protein content of swine 

 milk are much greater than has been hitherto supposed, a sow weighing 150 

 kg. yielding 4 to 8 liters of milk per day, containing 4.5 to 00 gm. nitrogen and 

 having an energy value of 7,0(M) to 14,000 calories. 



The food requirement of sows is not greater than the maintenance require- 

 ment plus the material necessary for the milk yield. The work of the milk 

 glands apparently does not require any considerable energy expenditure. 



Nursing pigs utilize GO to 80 per cent of the energy of the milk eaten and 

 as much as 70 per cent of the nitrogen content. Gains in nitrogen diminish 

 more than gains in fat as the period of lactation progresses. When the same 

 amount of nitrogenous material is taken after weaning as before, pigs make as 

 large gains in weight, the protein gains being even greater than during the latter 

 part of the period before weaning. To secure the greatest gains after wean- 

 ing, the nitrogen ratio uuist not be greater than 1 : 4 and the proportion of 

 easily digestible carbohydrates must be much greater than fat. Inverting part 

 of the carbohydrates with diastase did not have a favorable effect except 

 immediately after weaning. Homogenized milk was foinid to l)e as satisfactory 

 as whole milk and cheaper. 



No conclusions could be drawn regarding the effect of (he different rations 

 on resistance to infection. 



Forage crops for hogs in Kansas and Oklahoma, G. E. Quinn (IK H. Dcpt. 

 Agr.. Farmers' Bill. 331. jtp. 5-2'i). — A revision of an article previously noted 

 (E. S. R., 10. i». ,5(i!»). 



Potatoes supplemented by different quantities of protein for pig feeding, 

 MDxziNc.LK (Dvict. Landic. Prcssv, 35 (1908), Xos. 8, pp. 15, 76; 9. pp. 87, 88, figs. 



