ANIMAL PEODIiCTION. 471 



different concentrates with and witliont bone-forniiug constituents for winter 

 chickens, 7 lots eacli consisting of 34 White Wyandottes 2 weel\S old were fed a 

 basal ration of mixed grain, clover, and grit, supplemented by animal meal, 

 cottou-seed meal, gluten feed, or granulated milk. Three of these lots also re- 

 ceived bone ash and pure calcium carbonate sufficient to bring up the calcium 

 and phosphorus content essentially to that In the ration including animal meal. 

 The test was divided into two periods, the first lasting 28 days and the second 

 35 days. 



During the first period the food required per pound of gain was as follows : 

 On animal meal 3.29 lbs., on cottou-seed meal 9.8 lbs., on cotton-seed meal plus 

 the bone-ash and lime 5.3 lbs., on Buffalo gluten feed 9.92 lbs., on Buffalo gluten 

 feed plus bone-ash and lime 4.39 lbs., on granulated milk 4.1 lbs., and on granu- 

 lated milk plus bone-ash and lime 3.18 lbs. Dui'ing the second period the 

 amounts required were respectively 4.52, 9.87, 5.74, 9.05, 5.16, 5.78, and 4.19 lbs. 

 The percentages of deaths from digestive troubles were respectively as follows: 

 12. 02, 50, 59, 3, 9, and 0. The author states that the data seem to indicate that 

 phosi)horus and lime appear to be as necessary as protein, and that cotton-seed 

 meal can not be recommended as a food for chickens in any considerable propor- 

 tion. 



Twenty-four cross-bred Plymouth Rock cockerels were used to test the ad- 

 visability of fattening late hatched chickens by feeding with a machine. Dur- 

 ing a period of 21 days those trough-fed made an average gain of 0.61 lb. at a 

 cost of 17.4 cts. per pound. Those trough and machine fed gained 0.75 lb. at a 

 cost of 15.9 cts. per pound. It is concluded that late hatched staggy cockerels 

 confined in slatted coops can be fed a fattening ration for 3 weeks with profit. 



" A combination of trough and machine feeding proved superior to trough 

 feeding alone. Chickens fed in this manner gained, on the average, 23 per cent 

 more, and at 9 per cent less cost for feed per pouud of gain, than when fed 

 wholly in the trough. The cost of labor, however, is doubled while using the 

 cramming machine for small numbers of chicks. 



" In the absence of skim milk to mix with the grain, some other animal con- 

 centrate should be supplied. The ration containing 10 per cent of animal meal 

 gave a much greater gain than rations containing either no animal meal or 

 20 per cent of animal meal. The cost of feed per pound of gain was lessened 

 one-third under the same conditions." 



A turkey fattening experiment is reported as seeming to indicate that : 



" For a short feeding period there is not sufficient advantage in using a wet 

 mash of mixed grains, at the prices quoted, to warrant the turkey fattener in 

 adopting the ration. 



"While the feeding of a mash partly in the trough and partly with the cram- 

 ming machine gave the greatest average gains at the least cost for feed, the 

 added outlay for labor over feeding corn on the range would make the latter 

 method more profitable. 



" Heavy feeding may hasten the development of the ' blackhead " disease, if it 

 is already present in the system." 



The experiment was terminated at the end of 10 days by the apix-arancc of 

 " blackhead." 



Experiments on the metabolism of matter and energy during incubation 

 of hens' eg'g's, F, Tangl and A. von Mituch (Arch. Phyalol. [I'fliiycr], 121 

 ( l!)OH), .Vo. 8-10, PI). .'/.n-.'/.7iSK — According to the authors" observations an egg 

 \Aeiglniig .54.2 gm. contained before incubation 36.8 gm. water, 12.14 gm. dry 

 matter, 5.(i8 gm. fat, and 0.929 gm. nitrogen, and had an energy value of 86.8.") 

 calories. At the time of hatching the chick weighed 28.8 gm, a,nd 6.9 gm. egg 

 yolk remained unused. 



