556 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD, 



exin'i-leiK-e of the growers in this county, tlie fnngi have so thoroughly cleaned 

 up the pest that the fruit is clean and retiuires no washing. . . . The writer's 

 observations lead to the conclusion that in 90 per cent of the groves in those 

 localities where the fungus diseases are most effective, for every dollar expended 

 for well-conducted fumigation the profits from the groves will be increased not 

 less than $4, or at the rate of 250 per cent on the investment. . . . The spores 

 and mycelium of the fungi are not affected by fumigation, as far as has been 

 determined thus far." A dosage table is appended. 



Fungus diseases of scale insects and white fly, P. II. Rolfs and H. S. 

 Fawcett (Florida 8ta. Bui. [)'/, pp. 5-11, flys. 20). — Descriptions are given of 

 species of fungi that have been found of economic importance in combating 

 various scale insects and the white lly, which are troublesome in Florida on 

 citrus trees. The fungi described are SplKcroslilbc coccd/iliiUt, Ophioncctria 

 coccicola, and Jlyriangiinn diirim, which attack various species of scale insects, 

 and Aschersonia flavo-citrina, A. aleyrodis, and an undetermined species of 

 fungus, the spore-bearing stage of which is not known, which attack the white 



fly. 



Methods for applying the fungi to infested trees are described, these consisting 

 for the most part in fastening twigs or leaves carrying the fungus to infested 

 trees. In the case of the red fungus of the white fly (A. aleyrodis), it has been 

 found that this can be readily disseminated by spraying the spores directly on 

 trees. Where this method is employed, a dozen or more leaves bearing abundant 

 pustules of the fungus should be placed in a pail of water, stirred, and allowed 

 to stand for 15 to 30 minutes. The mixture thoroughly stirred is then sprayed 

 over the tree, care being taken not to use machinery that has been employed in 

 the application of fungicides or insecticides. 



In order that the introduction of these fungi should be effective, it is suggested 

 that close observation be made of the entire orchard and that wherever the 

 greatest amount of the scales or white flies are located the fungi be introduced 

 in such position as to give the best opportunity for the spores to spread from 

 one limb to. another and from tree to tree. 



The San Jose scale, E. D. Sanderson (Xeic Hampshire Sta. Circ. 5, pp. 12, 

 pi. 1, figs. 5). — A general account of this pest, including its life history, spread 

 and means of spreading, food plants and remedies. It is stated that during the 

 past 2 years a number of bad infestations covering several neighboring orchards 

 have been reported. 



The oyster-shell scale (New Hampshire Sta. Cire. .), pp. Jf, figs. 3). — Young 

 apple and poplar trees are reported to have be^Mi killed by this insect, which has 

 been found exceedingly abundant in young orchards of southern New Hampshire. 

 Spraying as the young are crawling about in late May and early June with a 15 

 per cent kerosene emulsion or whale-oil soap at the rate of 1 lb. to 4 or 5 gal. 

 of water is recommended. The whale-oil soap may be added to Bordeaux mix- 

 ture if the latter is being used early in June. 



Caterpillars injuring apple foliage in late summer, E. D. Sanderson (New 

 Hampshire Sta. Bui. 139, pp. 207-228, figs. 13).— An account of the life 

 histories and habits of the fall webworm, yellow-necked apple caterpillar (Da- 

 la)i<i viinistra), red-humped apple caterpillar (Schisura concinna), hickory 

 tiger moth (Halisidota caryce), rusty tussock moth (Xotolophus antiqua), and 

 the white marked tussock moth (Hemeroeampa leueostigina). As most of these 

 caterpillars are injurious late in the summer, spraying about August 1 with 

 Paris green or arsenate of lead is advised, the Paris green to be used 1 lb. to 

 100 gal. of water to which 1 or 2 lbs. of freshly slaked stone lime should be 

 added, and the arsenate of lead to be used at the rate of 3 to 5 lbs. to 50 gal. of 

 water. Spraying apparatus is also briefly discussed. 



