582 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



been carried on to determine roughly tlie size of tlie dose of serum to be used in 

 the field in preventing the development of rinderpest in cattle which have been 

 exposed to the disease. It is estimated that in outbrealcs where the mortality 

 is less than 50 per cent before inoculation, hills animals be given the standard 

 dose for plains animals. If the mortality is between 50 and 75 per cent the 

 dose for plains animals is to be doubled and if the mortality exceeds 85 per 

 eent the dose should be 18 times that recommended for plains animals. Uuring 

 the past 5 years the number of animals inoculated has ranged from 17,000 to 

 &i,000, while the number of animals which have died after inoculation has 

 ranged only from 2 to 35. 



Enzootic enteritis of calves and serum therapy, I. Sacciiini (Clin. Vet. 

 [Milan], Ses. Prat., 31 (1908), No. 10, pp. 165-169) .—In certain localities 

 enteritis of calves appears in enzootic form and causes serious losses. The 

 extent of the injury from this disease depends somewhat upon the time of year 

 and considerable difference is also observed in the susceptibility of individual 

 calves. A serum treatment has been devised by the author which gives fairly 

 satisfactory i-esults. 



Septic pneumonia of calves, Schreibee {Tieriirstl. Zenfbl., 31 (1908), No. 

 8, pp. 116-118). — Septic pneumonia is due to a micro-organism which so very 

 closely resembles that of swine plague that when inoculated into swine it 

 produces an infection scarcely to be distinguished from it. The use of a 

 curative serum within 8 to 14 days after the appearance of the disease has 

 given satisfactory results. 



Stomach worms in calves, J. M. iloRAa {An. Soc. Rural Argentina, .'/l (1907), 

 No. 53-54, pp. 181-187). — Brief notes are given on the distribution of stomach 

 worms, particularly Strongylus ostertagi in Argentina, and on the injurious 

 effects which they produce in young calves. The symptoms and means of 

 diagnosis are briefly described. As a means of combating the disease the 

 author recommends the use of a vermifuge containing 5 gm. male fern, 1.5 gm. 

 creosote, 3 gm. thymol, and enough alcohol and gum arable to dissolve and 

 emulsify the thymol. This mixture is then diluted in 200 gm. of water. 



The warble fly. Experiments on cattle as to its treatment and life history, 

 G. H. Carpenter and J. W. Steen (Dept. Agr. and Tech. Instr. Ireland Jour.. 

 8 (1908), No. 2, pp. 227-2Jf6, pis. 2).— The life history of the warble fly was 

 carefully followed through by the authors and a series of experiments was 

 carried on with the carbolic dip, train oil and tar, kerosene emulsion, and 

 other similar mixtures to determine the possibility of controlling this pest by 

 spraying the cattle. It was found that the various insecticides which have 

 been recommended for preventing egg laying by the warble flies are practi- 

 cally valueless. Some of them, such as train oil, spirits of tar, and sulphur, 

 are not only useless but harmful to the skin. In Ireland Hypodcrma hovis is 

 the common species, H. Uneata being very rare. The eggs are laid mostly on 

 the legs and may be licked off by the cattle, after which they hatch and the 

 young larvae penetrate through various organs reaching their final location 

 under the skin. Careful experiments in muzzling calves, however, showed 

 that the larvte may bore directly through the skin. 



Since all of the insecticides proved useless the authors recommend that the 

 maggots in the skin of infested animals be destroyed in the winter and spring. 

 It is believed that a united effort along this line would exterminate the warble 

 fly within a period of 3 years. 



Report upon the eradication of the cattle tick in Lincoln and Claiborne 

 parishes, W. Newell and C. E. Mauldin (Crop Pest Com. La. Circ. 21, pp. 4)- — 

 Attention is called to the benefits which will accrue to the cattle raisers of 

 Louisiana from the eradication of cattle ticks. The work wllich has already 



