IMIIAI. KCOXOMU'S. . 587 



with Ji view (<> illnstrntiii;; tin' prolilciiis of their economical oi)eriitioii Mini the 

 various methods which have heeii devised to solve them. The account includes 

 machines operated hy electric motors and hy explosive cnfrines, and those with 

 tixed jilows and with rotatiiii; plows ;.'eared to the motors. 



Statistics of agricultural implements {Bur. of the Crnsus [IJ. »S'. ], Mitnfrs. 

 i:>'l.'). !>(. 'i. ii/i. /?.'//.■;.{». — Noted from anotluM- source i i-;. S. II.. 1!>. j). 4ss). 



Hydro-electric plants, M. I{in(;i.i:m.vnn (Jour. Ayr. f'nit., n. ser., 16 (1008), 

 \'ii. ',0. i)i>. .'i3'i-'i'i0, figs. .5). — This article descrihes several hydro-electric power 

 plants in which the flow of small streams or brooks is used to generate light 

 and power for rural homes. It contains data on the cost of installinsr and 

 •peratinj; the e(|uipment. 



RURAL ECONOMICS. 



The results of investigations on the returns in agriculture {Ann. Agr. 

 Suisse, !) ( l!)us). \i). .,\ ///<. .i.i~7.2). — This is a detailed report of investigations 

 carried on cooperatively between the dei)artment of agriculture and farmers 

 in Switzerland as to the gross and net returns derived from farms operated 

 under different systems of management in 11)0(!, the returns being compared 

 with those secured during the |)receding 5 years. 



The average jtrofits as ascertained from 230 holdings were: On farms up to 

 12J acres in size, $21 per acre; from 12^ to 25 acres, $21.50; from 25 to oT^ 

 acres. $17; from 37^ to 75 acres, $18; and from farms of more than 75 acres, 

 $10.25 per acre. Nearly 80 per cent of the products raised on Swiss farms 

 consisted of animal, dairy, and poultry prodncts, an enormous quantity of such 

 products being annually e\i>orte<l. 



Six years of investigations concerning agricultural profits in Switzerland 

 (1901-1906), J. li. RoNiioMME {Jour. Agr. I'rat., n. ser., 16 (IDOS), No. //.?, pp. 

 .').i.'i-').i7). — This is a review of the investigations noted above, with particular 

 emphasis on the returns secured in li.'O;!. Se(> also a i)revi()us note ( E. S. U.. 

 20. p. 2!)1 ) . 



Finnish agriculture, A. Borchardt {Ber. Land it. Forstw. Ausland, 190S, 

 \o. ll. pp. tl.i, figs. 6, vKips 2). — This publication discusses the climate, popula- 

 tion, production, consumption, and trade of Finland, and describes at some 

 length the agricultural administration of the country, including cooperation, 

 agricultural societies, agricultural law.s, ci-edit systems, systems of farm man- 

 agement, and the commerce in the different farm prodncts. 



Agriculture in Po^-tugal, C. m: .AIkliio (Rrr. Gen. Agron., «. .scr., 3 {i:)08). 

 \o. 6-1, pp. 261-26'i). — A de.scription of the extent, geography, population, and 

 ngricultnral jiroduction of Portugal is given in this article. Portugal is the 

 most agrif'ultnral .country in Europe, of a popnlation of 5.42S.S00 in T.hki, 

 .'{.0;t2,7.'50 derived their living from agriculture, a ratio of 50.04 per cent, as 

 comiiared with .55 p(«r cent in Austria, 47 in France, and .'54 in r.elginm. The 

 average size of holdings is 1.55 hoH'tares (about 3.S4 acres). 



Agricultural Hungary I Budapest: (iort., V.iOH, pp. yil^-l.lG, figs. 66). — This 

 publication Ity tlie Hungarian minister of agriculture, in addition to general 

 data on tiio extent of land, number and size of agricultural holdings, the ratio 



I" tlie people engaged in agricnltin-e, the division of the land according to 

 . las.«es ftf cultivation, and the kind and (plant ity of products raised, lu-esents 

 n detailed a<-count of the agricultural industry in Hungary. l>ata are also 

 included as to the govertnnent encouragement of agriculture by means of edii- 

 ciitional institutions, tlie establishment of scientitic jind exiierimental stations, 

 legislation in behalf of agricultural l.iborers, water regulation, soil imi)rov<«- 

 nieiif. and agricultural administration. 



70151 X(,. (•,-((!» 7 



