588 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



The itopulatiou of Hungary at the close of llJUo mmibered 20,548.472, of 

 whom 6S.4 iier cent were engaged in agriculture. The division of the land into 

 the various forms of productive agriculture gives a total of 32.500,000 hectares, 

 of which only 1.700.000 hectares, or 5.23 per cent, are unproductive. 



Agricultural labor in Hungary, M. J. Berxard {Bui. Soc. X<tt. Agr. France, 

 68 il90S), Xo. S, pp. 603-606). — Notes on an article appearing in the Revue de 

 Hongrie by Daranyi, minister of agriculture, which gives a brief history and 

 discusses the present status of the agricultural labor problem in Hungary. 



Among the more recent reforms mentioned are the sanitary construction of 

 about 8,000 houses for farm laborers which the occupiers can purchase if so 

 desired: the establishment of a government fund of a million crowns (about 

 $242,500) to aid laborers in case of sickness, accident, incapacity for work, 

 etc. ; free service in finding places for farm laborers out of employment ; and 

 the awarding of a decoration of honor to the laborers who have been 40 years 

 on the same farm. The tendency of these reforms has been to check rural 

 depopulation in Hungary. 



The agricultural labor problem, E. vox Kaiildex {Dcr Bodcn die Landicht- 

 .schaftJichcu Tcrhdltnissc dcs Prcussischen Staatcs. Berlin, 1908, vol. 8, pp. 383- 

 Jf36). — This is a general historical review of the development of farm labor con- 

 ditions in Prussia presented in the expectation that a survey of past history 

 would offer some solution of the present-day agrarian problem. The scarcity 

 of farm labor is x-egarded as of first importance and in the solution of the i)rob- 

 lem both the farmer and the government are urged to cooperate. 



The wages of agricultural laborers in Bohemia, K. M. Hergel ( Wiener 

 Landic. Ztg., 58 (1908), Xo. 81, pp. 79.9, 800).— This article gives the daily, 

 monthly, and yearly wages in money of male and female agricultural laborers 

 in different districts of Bohemia, together with such other privileges as meals, 

 clothing, lodgings, and social favors which increase to a considerable extent the 

 economic value of the laborer's income. In some districts where the money 

 wage is high and other privileges numerous the income of the farm laborer is 

 equal or even superior to the income of factory and industrial workers. 



Agricultural holdings bill, 1908 (Loudon: Govt., 1908, pp. 111+28).— The 

 text of the law to take effect January 1, 1909, regulating the relations between 

 landlord and tenant regarding compensation for improvements, damage by 

 game, disturbance, and similar matters, is reported. 



The legal status of agricultural cooperative societies, R. Worms (Bui. Soc. 

 Xat. Agr. France, 68 (1908), Xo. 7, pp. .'/9Ji-o02). — The author shows by court 

 decisions and other means what constitutes an " agricultural cooperative soci- 

 ety " and what are the limitations of its functions to enable such an organiza- 

 tion to reap the benefits of the laws enacted in France for the encouragement of 

 agricultural credit and the exemption of small farmers from certain forms of 

 taxation. 



The purpose of the law relating to the organization and operation of 

 agricultural cooperative societies, E. Xaquet (Prog. Agr. et Vit. (Ed. VEst- 

 Centre). 20 (lUOS). Xo. J,0, pp. J,Oii-',l'i) .—The text of the law of ,Iune 15. 1908, 

 is given and discussed with regard to its probable effects on the future success- 

 ful operation of such organizations in France. 



First fruits of cooperation in India, H. W. Wolff (Eeon. Rev., IS (IDOS), 

 Xo. 2. pp. lo'i-lol). — The author points out the beneficial results accruing to the 

 peasant class in India through the introduction and development of mutual 

 agricultural credit banks during the past few years. The Raiffeisen system is 

 believed to be best adapted to India. Among the results mentioned the follow- 

 ing are most significant: Farmers have received higher prices for their 

 products, the number of live stock has increased, wells have been dug, bus- 



