FORESTRY. 645 



Production and consumption of basket willows in the United States for 

 1906 and 1907, C. D. Mkll {U. S. Dept. Agr., Forest Serv. Circ. 155, pp. IJf).— 

 This is a statistical review of the basket-willow industrj' in this country based 

 largely on brief reports fi'oni 161 domestic nmnufacturers of willow ware. 



It is estimated that 2,2X2,000 lbs. of willow rods were consumed in this coun- 

 try in 1!)07 as compared with 1,71)8,000 lbs. in IIHX!. There was a slight advance 

 in price for home-grown rods, particularly for the higher grades, in 1!>07, as 

 well as a marked tendency on the part of manufacturers to either grow their 

 own stock or to use domestic willows of high grade. 



Forest economics — silviculture, I.,. Grandeau (Ann. Sci. Agron., 3. scr., 3 

 (1908), I, pp. 312-Jt38; II, No. 1, pp. i-i56 ).—R<isum#s and in some cases full 

 reports are given of a large number of papers presented before the section of 

 forest economics and silviculture of the Eighth International Congress of 

 Agriculture at Vienna in 1907. In Volume I are considered creation and treat- 

 ment of forests from the standpoint of production and quality, the cultural 

 importance of acclimatized varieties of our forest species, and the utility of and 

 favorable methods of afforesting pine lands. The reports in Volume II deal 

 with studies by research stations on wood transportation and the utilization of 

 wood for construction purposes, remedial measures against injuries to forests 

 from industrial fumes and insects, new tendencies and methods in forest manage- 

 ment, the basis of an equal tax on wood properties, legislative measures for the 

 protection of landscapes and natural areas, wood conunerce in Europe and the 

 influence of good roads on this commerce, international unification of units of 

 measure and standards of sorting for building timber, and the use of beech wood 

 in the chemical industries. 



On the preservation of seeds of deciduous trees, C.. Vandeebisse (Ann. Gcm- 

 bloux, 18 (1908), No. 10, pp. 559-585). — A thesis in which the author discusses 

 the factors influencing seed germination, reviews the various processes em- 

 ployed for saving the seed of the principal hardwood species, and presents data 

 on the preservation of acorns by several different methods. A brief bibliog- 

 raphy is appended. 



On the combating' of hardpan by cultural methods, X. von Lorenz (Zur 

 Behutnpfang dcx Ortstrinc.s Oiircli KalturvUc Mahrcgeln. Vienna, 1908, pp. 3-23, 

 figs. 5). — The forestry experiment station at Mariabrunn is conducting experi- 

 ments with a view of rendering hardjtan soils suitable for forestry. A detailed 

 account is given of the results .secured to date with plantations of oak, beech, 

 white pine, fir, and locust set out in 1904. Chemical fertilizers and green 

 manures have been used with the plats. The results thus far indicate that 

 with the methods used hardpans not much more than 20 cm. (about S in.) 

 thick can be inqiroved sufficiently to grow profitable stands of si)ruce, white 

 pine, oaks and eventually locust, and [tossibly beech. 



The principles of spacial arrangement in forests, C. Wagner (Die Gruntl- 

 lagen der lidiunlichcn Ordniing im Wulde. Tiihingen, 1907, pp. y+S20, pi. 1, 

 fign. Ji3). — In this work the author examines in detail the various jihases of 

 forestry, including silviculture, forest protection, utilization, and management, 

 relative to their recpiiremeiits with resju'ct to space arrangement, with a view 

 of formuhiting pi'incipjes for the develoi»ment of a system of forest management 

 which shall provide for a s«>parate and independent consideration of space and 

 time. This liie autlior i»elieves can be best accomplished by natural regenera- 

 tion over very restricted ai-eas, and he advocates the selection strip method of 

 felling, " Itlendersaumschlag," which provides for cutting the mature wood in 

 progressive narrow strips <m the side of the forest which presents the most 

 favorable conditions for the natural regeneration of the trees. 



